Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of women who experienced a stillbirth and their stillborn babies at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria, 2010–2018
Variables | Categories | Antepartum n = 365 (%) | Intrapartum n = 395 (%) | Total n = 760 (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Age (years) | < 16 | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.4) | |
16–35 | 315 (86.3) | 353 (89.4) | 668 (87.9) | ||
> 35 | 48 (13.2) | 41 (10.4) | 89 (11.7) | 0.294 | |
Mean (SD) | 27.5 (6.6) | 27.2 (6.7) | 27.6 (6.6) | 0.731 | |
Parity | Nullipara (0) | 118 (32.1) | 88 (22.3) | 205 (27.0) | |
Primipara (1) | 37 (10.2) | 47 (11.9) | 84 (11.1) | ||
Multipara (2–4) | 106 (29.1) | 120 (30.4) | 226 (29.8) | ||
Grand multipara (≥5) | 104 (28.6) | 140 (35.4) | 244 (32.1) | 0.004 | |
Antenatal care | No ANC | 280 (76.7) | 345 (87.3) | 625 (82.2) | |
1–3 visits | 54 (14.8) | 29 (7.4) | 83 (10.9) | ||
4–7 visits | 30 (8.2) | 17 (4.3) | 47 (6.2) | ||
≥8 | 1 (0.3) | 4 (1.0) | 5 (0.7) | 0.001 | |
Type of pregnancy | Singleton | 352 (96.4) | 369 (93.4) | 720 (94.9) | |
Multiple | 13 (3.6) | 26 (6.6) | 39 (5.1) | 0.050 | |
Mode of delivery | Vaginala | 306 (83.8) | 265 (67.1) | 571 (75.1) | |
Caesarean sectionb | 59 (16.2) | 130 (32.9) | 189 (24.9) | < 0.001 | |
Previous stillbirth | No | 304 (83.2) | 331 (83.8) | 634 (83.5) | |
Yes | 61 (16.8) | 64 (16.2) | 125 (16.5) | 0.845 | |
Year of stillbirth | 2010 | 29 (8.0) | 28 (7.1) | 57 (7.5) | |
2011 | 44 (12.1) | 85 (21.5) | 129 (17.0) | ||
2012 | 65 (17.9) | 60 (15.2) | 125 (16.5) | ||
2013 | 47 (12.9) | 50 (12.7) | 97 (12.8) | ||
2014 | 32 (8.5) | 21 (5.3) | 53 (6.9) | ||
2015 | 46 (12.6) | 30 (7.6) | 76 (10.0) | ||
2016 | 37 (10.2) | 38 (9.6) | 75 (9.9) | ||
2017 | 38 (10.4) | 41 (10.4) | 79 (10.4) | ||
2018 | 27 (7.4) | 42 (10.6) | 69 (9.1) | 0.489 | |
Sex of Stillborn babies | Female | 172 (47.1) | 212 (53.7) | 384 (50.5) | |
Male | 193 (52.8) | 183 (46.3) | 376 (49.5) | 0.71 | |
Birthweight (grams) of stillborn babies | Extremely LBW (< 1000) | 16 (4.4) | 10 (2.5) | 26 (3.4) | |
Very LBW (1000–1499) | 42 (11.5) | 30 (7.6) | 72 (9.5) | ||
Low birthweight (1500–2499) | 125 (34.2) | 99 (25.1) | 224 (29.5) | ||
Normal birthweight (2500–3999) | 151 (41.4) | 233 (59.0) | 384 (50.5) | ||
Macrosomia (> 4000) | 16 (4.4) | 15 (3.8) | 31 (4.1) | ||
∫Missing | 15 (4.1) | 8 (2.0) | 23 (3.0) | < 0.001 | |
Mean (SD) | 2424 (962) | 2642 (842) | 2540 (907) | 0.001 | |
Duration of pregnancy (weeks) | Preterm (28–36) | 188 (51.5) | 152 (38.5) | 340 (44.7) | |
Term (37–41) | 136 (37.3) | 183 (46.3) | 319 (42.0) | ||
Post term (42) | 24 (6.6) | 14 (3.5) | 38 (5.0) | ||
∫Missing | 17 (4.6) | 46 (11.7) | 63 (8.3) | 0.001 |