Table 5 Multivariate analysis
| Â | Full model | Reduced Model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio (OR) | [95% CI] | p-Value | OR | [95% CI] | p-Value | |
Social demographics | ||||||
 Residence | ||||||
  Urban | 1 |  |  | – | – | – |
  Rural | 1.05 | [0.43, 2.55] | 0.92 | – | – | – |
 Occupation | ||||||
  Housewife | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Paying job | 0.90 | [0.38, 2.13] | 0.81 | – | – | – |
 Marital status | ||||||
  Single | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
  Living with a partner | 0.30 | [0.08, 1.18] | 0.08 | 0.33 | [0.09, 1.19] | 0.09 |
 Body mass index (BMI) | ||||||
  Underweight | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Normal weight | 0.81 | [0.13, 5.14] | 0.82 | – | – | – |
  Overweight | 0.61 | [0.07, 5.57] | 0.66 | – | – | – |
  Obese | 0.39 | [0.02, 8.86] | 0.55 | – | – | – |
 Maternal Health profile | ||||||
 α1-acid glycoprotein AGP (g/l) | ||||||
  No Chronic inflammation (≤1 g/l) | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Chronic inflammation (> 1 g/dl) | 5.97 | [0.67; 53.21] | 0.11 | – | – | – |
 Hemoglobin Level | ||||||
   ≥ 11 g/dl | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
   < 11 g/dl | 4.35 | [1.82; 10.38] | 0.001** | 4.27 | [1.85, 9.85] | 0.001** |
 Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) | ||||||
  No | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
  Yes | 11.14 | [3.94; 31.49] | 0.001** | 9.82 | [3.88, 24.83] | 0.001** |
 Chlamydia | ||||||
  No | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
  Yes | 2.66 | [1.06; 6.69] | 0.04* | 2.79 | [1.17, 6.63] | 0.05* |
 Trichomonas vaginalis | ||||||
  No | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Yes | 1.17 | [0.22; 6.15] | 0.85 | – | – | – |
 Candida albicans | ||||||
  No | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Yes | 1.50 | [0.47; 4.72] | 0.48 | – | – | – |
Maternal nutritional profile | ||||||
 STFR | ||||||
  No deficiency (≥0.83 μmol/l) | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Deficiency (< 0.83 μmol/l) | 1.25 | [0.15; 10.39] | 0.84 | – | – | – |
 MDDW | ||||||
  Requirements met | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
  Requirements not met | 4.29 | [1.65; 11.20] | 0.003* | 3.94 | [1.57; 9.91] | 0.004** |
 MUAC | ||||||
   ≥ 23 cm | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
   < 23 cm | 3.01 | [1.13; 8.02] | 0.03 | 3.12 | [1.31; 7.43] | 0.01* |