Speculum versus digital insertion of Foley catheter for induction of labor in Nulliparas with unripe cervix: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Primary outcomes after randomzation to speculum or digital insertion of Foley catheter for the induction of labor in nulliparas with unripe cervixes

Primary outcomes	Digital insertion (n = 42)	Speculum insertion (n = 44)	P value
Insertion duration (minutes)	2.72 ± 1.85	2.25 ± 0.55	0.12^a
Failure of insertion	2 (5)	0 (0)	0.24^b
Procedure related pain score	3.5 [2–5]	3 [2–5]	0.72^c

Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation, number (%) or median [interquartile range]. ^a represents analyses by t test for means, ^b represents Fisher Exact test for categorical data and ^c represents Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal data

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