Table 3 Risks of Adverse Outcomes of Pregnant Women

Cesarean delivery

0.54 (0.46–0.63)^***

0.61 (0.52–0.71)^***

0.60 (0.56–0.65)^***

0.70 (0.65–0.76)^***

0.76 (0.75–0.78)^***

0.87 (0.85–0.89)^***

Anemia

0.85 (0.71–1.02)

1.01 (0.84–1.23)

0.90 (0.83–0.98)^*

1.03 (0.95–1.12)

0.86 (0.84–0.88)^***

0.95 (0.93–0.97)^***

Gestational diabetes mellitus

0.60 (0.37–0.97)^*

0.87 (0.54–1.44)

0.26 (0.18–0.36)^***

0.39 (0.28–0.56)^***

0.47 (0.44–0.50)^***

0.60 (0.56–0.64)^***

Pre-eclampsia

0.98 (0.60–1.61)

0.85 (0.51–1.40)

1.12 (0.90–1.41)

1.09 (0.87–1.38)

1.08 (1.02–1.15)^*

1.11 (1.03–1.18)^**

HELLP syndrome

–

–

2.11 (0.87–5.15)

2.91 (1.14–7.40)^*

0.59 (0.39–0.90)^*

0.84 (0.54–1.32)

Placenta previa

0.96 (0.31–2.98)

2.01 (0.64–6.38)

0.29 (0.11–0.78)^*

0.73 (0.27–1.97)

0.41 (0.33–0.50)^***

0.71 (0.57–0.90)^**

Placental abruption

1.66 (0.53–5.17)

1.76 (0.55–5.60)

1.02 (0.51–2.05)

1.30 (0.64–2.66)

0.92 (0.76–1.12)

1.15 (0.93–1.42)

Postpartum hemorrhage

0.47 (0.07–3.31)

0.55 (0.08–3.96)

1.08 (0.58–2.01)

1.49 (0.79–2.83)

0.81 (0.67–0.98)^*

1.03 (0.84–1.26)

Maternal death

–

–

20.25 (2.11–194.74)^**

11.02 (0.72–169.77)

4.53 (1.02–20.26)^*

5.01 (0.91–27.40)

Preterm delivery

2.08 (1.62–2.66)^***

2.57 (1.98–3.34)^***

1.33 (1.15–1.53)^***

1.77 (1.51–2.06)^***

0.98 (0.94–1.03)

1.26 (1.20–1.32)^***

Small for gestational age

1.22 (0.98–1.52)

1.11 (0.89–1.39)

1.30 (1.17–1.44)^***

1.20 (1.08–1.33)^***

1.06 (1.03–1.09)^***

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

Low Apgar at 5 min

2.82 (1.05–7.58)^*

2.87 (1.05–7.87)^*

1.26 (0.63–2.54)

1.39 (0.68–2.83)

1.19 (0.98–1.45)

1.31 (1.06–1.62)^*

Stillbirth

8.17 (5.08–13.14)^***

5.69 (3.36–9.65)^***

2.37 (1.56–3.59)^***

2.33 (1.50–3.60)^***

1.27 (1.09–1.48)^***

1.45 (1.23–1.72)^***

Neonatal death

7.39 (3.79–14.38)^***

7.57 (3.74–15.33)^***

1.66 (0.85–3.21)

2.03 (1.03–4.00)^*

1.24 (1.01–1.53)^*

1.51 (1.21–1.90)^***