Table 3 Heterogeneity across studies examining depression
Study | Cut score | Time post partum | Sample size | Participants with depression | EmCS subgroup | EmCS subgroup with depression | Evidence of association between EmCS and PPD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | |||||||
Eckerdal, 2017 | EDPS> 12 | 6 weeks | 3888 | 505 (13%) | 346 | 50 (16.7%) | No |
Gaillard, 2014 | EDPS> 12 | 6–8 weeks | 264 | 44 (16.7%) | 44 | 6 (13.6%) | No |
Goker, 2012 | EDPS> 13 | 6 weeks | 318 | 100 (31.4%) | 106 | 37 (34.9%) | No |
Iwata, 2015 | EDPS> 9 | 6 months | 479 | 21.5% | 60 | 24 (40%) | Yes |
Patel, 2005 | EDPS> 13 | 8 weeks | 10,934 | N/A | 572 | 56 (9.8%) | No |
Xie, 2011 | EDPS> 13 | 2 weeks | 534 | 103 (19.3%) | 149 | 24 (16.1%) | Yes: PPD higher in ElCS than EmCS |
Beck Depression Inventory | |||||||
Chen, 2002 | BDI 9–10 | 6 weeks | 357 | N/A | N/A | N/A | No |
Sarah, 2017 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 33.4%, | N/A | 13.8% of 33.4% | No mention |
Ukpong, 2006 | BDI > 9 significant, 10–18 mild/moderate, 19–29 moderate/severe, 30–63 extreme | 6–8 weeks | 47 | 29.8% | 40 | N/A | No |