From: Oral health and Candida carriage in socioeconomically disadvantaged US pregnant women
Categories | C. albicans positive (n = 46) | C. albicans negative (n = 36) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 29.3 ± 5.8 | 28.8 ± 6.9 | 0.16 | |
Race | African American | 41%(19) | 39%(14) | 0.80 |
White | 35%(16) | 27%(10) | ||
Asian | 11%(5) | 17%(6) | ||
Others | 13%(6) | 17%(6) | ||
Ethnicity | Hispanic | 13%(6) | 14%(5) | 0.91 |
Non-Hispanic | 87%(40) | 86%(31) | ||
Use of antibiotics > 1 months in the past 6 months (Yes) | 0%(0) | 6%(2) | 0.11 | |
Pregnancy (Yes) | 56% (26) | 61% (22) | 0.68 | |
Diabetes (Yes) | 4%(2) | 6%(2) | 0.80 | |
Asthma (Yes) | 9%(4) | 8%(3) | 0.95 | |
Hypertension (Yes) | 20%(9) | 6%(2) | 0.07 | |
Anxiety and/or depression (Yes) | 20%(9) | 8%(3) | 0.15 | |
Smoking (Yes) | 22%(10) | 6%(2) | 0.04 | |
Tooth brushing | Twice/daily | 68%(31) | 75%(27) | 0.40 |
Once/daily | 28%(13) | 25%(9) | ||
< Once/daily | 4%(2) | 0%(0) | ||
Plaque index | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0.89 | |
Untreated decayed teeth percentage | 80.0% (37) | 53% (19) | 0.008 | |
Decayed teeth number | 5.0 ± 4.8 | 1.8 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 | |
Decayed, missing, filled teeth number | 8.5 ± 6.0 | 5.5 ± 3.7 | 0.016 | |
Salivary S. mutans carriage (106 CFU/ml) | 2.1 ± 4.0 | 1.0 ± 2.1 | 0.046 | |
Salivary S. mutans carriage | No carriage | 0%(0) | 11%(3) | 0.02 |
1–105 CFU/ml | 21%(8) | 30%(8) | ||
> 105 CFU/ml | 79(30) | 59%(16) | ||
Salivary C. albicans carriage (103 CFU/ml) | 2.4 ± 5.8 | 0 | NA | |
Salivary C. albicans carriage | No carriage | 0%(0) | 100%(36) | NA |
1–400 CFU/ml | 52%(24) | 0%(0) | ||
> 400 CFU/ml | 47%(22) | 0%(0) |