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Table 4 Demographic, medical and oral condition characteristics of study subjects by Candida status

From: Oral health and Candida carriage in socioeconomically disadvantaged US pregnant women

Categories

C. albicans positive

(n = 46)

C. albicans negative

(n = 36)

p-value

Age (year)

29.3 ± 5.8

28.8 ± 6.9

0.16

Race

African American

41%(19)

39%(14)

0.80

White

35%(16)

27%(10)

Asian

11%(5)

17%(6)

Others

13%(6)

17%(6)

Ethnicity

Hispanic

13%(6)

14%(5)

0.91

Non-Hispanic

87%(40)

86%(31)

Use of antibiotics > 1 months in the past 6 months (Yes)

0%(0)

6%(2)

0.11

Pregnancy (Yes)

56% (26)

61% (22)

0.68

Diabetes (Yes)

4%(2)

6%(2)

0.80

Asthma (Yes)

9%(4)

8%(3)

0.95

Hypertension (Yes)

20%(9)

6%(2)

0.07

Anxiety and/or depression (Yes)

20%(9)

8%(3)

0.15

Smoking (Yes)

22%(10)

6%(2)

0.04

Tooth brushing

Twice/daily

68%(31)

75%(27)

0.40

Once/daily

28%(13)

25%(9)

< Once/daily

4%(2)

0%(0)

Plaque index

1.7 ± 0.7

1.5 ± 0.7

0.89

Untreated decayed teeth percentage

80.0% (37)

53% (19)

0.008

Decayed teeth number

5.0 ± 4.8

1.8 ± 2.3

< 0.001

Decayed, missing, filled teeth number

8.5 ± 6.0

5.5 ± 3.7

0.016

Salivary S. mutans carriage (106 CFU/ml)

2.1 ± 4.0

1.0 ± 2.1

0.046

Salivary S. mutans carriage

No carriage

0%(0)

11%(3)

0.02

1–105 CFU/ml

21%(8)

30%(8)

> 105 CFU/ml

79(30)

59%(16)

Salivary C. albicans carriage (103 CFU/ml)

2.4 ± 5.8

0

NA

Salivary C. albicans carriage

No carriage

0%(0)

100%(36)

NA

1–400 CFU/ml

52%(24)

0%(0)

> 400 CFU/ml

47%(22)

0%(0)