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Table 4 Multivariable adjusted models for the association between sanitation characteristics and adverse pregnancy outcomes

From: Effects of sanitation practices on adverse pregnancy outcomes in India: a conducive finding from recent Indian demographic health survey

Characteristics

Odds ratio

95% Confidence interval

Lower limit

Upper limit

Access to toilet

 No access®

1

  

 In house

0.87***

0.832

0.901

 Shared toilet

1.01

0.966

1.058

Availability of hand wash

 No availability®

1

  

 Available

1.01

0.981

1.048

Age group

 15–19®

1

  

 20–24

0.87***

0.806

0.942

 25–29

0.79***

0.730

0.857

 30–34

0.79***

0.729

0.866

 35–39

0.81***

0.740

0.896

 40–44

0.80***

0.704

0.900

 No education®

1

  

 Primary

0.99

0.948

1.042

 Secondary

0.84***

0.811

0.879

 Higher

0.69***

0.647

0.733

Parity

 1®

1

  

 2

0.89***

0.855

0.919

 > 3

0.90***

0.862

0.939

BMI

 Underweight®

1

  

 Normal

0.78***

0.757

0.810

 Overweight

0.76***

0.726

0.801

Anemia

 Severe®

1

  

 Moderate

0.77***

0.668

0.889

 Mild

0.69***

0.602

0.795

 Not anaemic

0.67****

0.586

0.775

ANC visit

 0®

1

  

 1

0.91*

0.845

0.976

 2

0.91***

0.859

0.958

 > 3

0.84***

0.803

0.875

  1. ***p < 0.01, **p < .05, *p < 0.1
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