Table 5 Comparison of selected characteristics between women with and without HIP
Variable | With HIP | Without HIP | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
MUAC | |||
 <28 cm (Normal) | 37 (12.4%) | 262 (87.7%) | 0.003* |
 ≥28 cm (overweight/obese) | 39 (23.1%) | 130 (76.9%) |  |
BMI pre-pregnancy | |||
 Underweight and Normal | 19 (15.3%) | 105 (84.7%) | 0.251 |
 Overweight and Obese | 24 (21.1%) | 90 (78.9%) |  |
Family history of diabetes | |||
 Yes | 35 (44.9%) | 43 (55.1%) | 0.000* |
 No | 41 (10.5%) | 349 (89.5%) |  |
Previous delivery to ≥4 kg baby | |||
 Yes | 48 (47.1%) | 54 (52.9%) | 0.000* |
 No | 10 (4.4%) | 219 (95.6%) |  |
Mother’s maternal age | |||
 <25 years | 24 (14.4%) | 143 (85.6%) | 0.414 |
 ≥25 years | 52 (17.3%) | 249 (82.7%) |  |
Symptoms of T2DM | |||
 Yes | 25 (49.0%) | 26 (51.0%) |  |
 No | 51 (12.2%) | 366 (87.8%) | 0.000* |
Prenatal death | |||
 Yes | 10 (15.9%) | 53 (784.1%) | 0.467 |
 No | 48 (17.9%) | 220 (82.1%) |  |
Perinatal death | |||
 Yes | 1 (10.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | 0.538 |
 No | 29 (20.1%) | 115 (79.9%) |  |
Alcohol intake | |||
 Yes | 6 (19.4%) | 25 (80.6%) | 0.665 |
 Never | 63 (15.5%) | 344 (84.5%) |  |
 Stopped during pregnancy | 4 (25.0%) | 12 (75.0%) |  |
Smoking | |||
 Never | 76 (16.2%) | 390 (83.7%) | 0.533 |
 Stopped during pregnancy | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (100.0%) |  |