Table 3 Risk factors for the following specified pregnancy outcomes considered as dependent variables: delivery < 37 weeks’ gestation; pregnancy related hypertensive disorders; and caesarean section. Possible risk factors were considered as independent variables. Univariate and multivariate (*) logistic regression analysis were performed. (**) Excluded from the analysis non cephalic fetal presentation. (#) p-value corrected for the false discovery rate test
From: Maternal age and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
| Â | OR (CI95%) | p | OR (CI95%) (*) | p (*) | p(#) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delivery < 37 weeks’ gestation | |||||
 Maternal age > 40 years | 1.47 (1.27–1.71) | < 0.05 | 1.36 (1.16–1.61) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Nulliparous women | 1.26 (1.16–1.38) | < 0.05 | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Conception via assisted reproductive techniques | 1.53 (1.13–2.07) | < 0.05 | 1.24 (0.9–1.72) | 0.180 | 0.184 |
 PRHDs (ŧ) | 10.82 (9.16–12.78) | < 0.05 | 12.25 (10.02–14.99) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Low schooling (ŧ) | 1.25 (1.14–1.38) | < 0.05 | 1.31 (1.17–1.46) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
Macro-region of origin | |||||
 Europe/Italy | Reference | Reference | |||
 Sub-Saharian Africa | 1.43 (1.19–1.73) | < 0.05 | 1.19 (0.97–1.47) | 0.090 | 0.106 |
 Arabian countries | 0.75 (0.56–1) | < 0.05 | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) | 0.060 | 0.077 |
 Other origin | 1.38 (1.11–1.71) | < 0.05 | 1.35 (1.08–1.69) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
Pregnancy related hypertensive disorders | |||||
 Maternal age > 40 years | 2.32 (1.83–2.94) | < 0.05 | 2.36 (1.86–3.00) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Nulliparous women | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 0.439 |  |  |  |
 Conception via assisted reproductive techniques | 2.4 (1.53–3.75) | < 0.05 | 2.28 (1.45–3.58) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Low schooling | 1.53 (1.28–1.82) | < 0.05 | 1.4 (1.17–1.69) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Sub-Saharian Africa origin | 2.73 (2.08–3.58) | < 0.05 | 2.53 (1.91–3.36) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
GDM | |||||
 Maternal age > 40 years | 1.74 (1.41–2.16) | < 0.05 | 1.71 (1.37–2.12) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Nulliparous women | 0.71 (0.62–0.82) | < 0.05 | 0.74 (0.64–0.84) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Conception via assisted reproductive techniques | 2.02 (1.35–3.03) | < 0.05 | 2.12 (1.4–3.19) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Low schooling | 1.08 (0.93–1.27) | 0.309 |  |  |  |
Macro-region of origin | |||||
 Europe/Italy | Reference | Reference | |||
 Sub-Saharian Africa | 1.44 (1.08–1.91) | < 0.05 | 1.44 (1.08–1.93) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Arabian countries | 1.5 (1.07–2.11) | < 0.05 | 1.49 (1.05–2.1) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Other origin | 1.35 (0.97–1.87) | 0.077 | 1.33 (0.94–1.86) | 0.104 | 0.104 |
Abnormal fetal presentation | |||||
 Maternal age > 40 years | 1.22 (0.98–1.52) | 0.068 | 1.29 (1.03–1.61) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Nulliparous women | 1.53 (1.35–1.73) | < 0.05 | 1.52 (1.34–1.73) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Conception via assisted reproductive techniques | 1.94 (1.34–2.8) | < 0.05 | 1.65 (1.14–2.39) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Arabian countries origin | 0.37 (0.21–0.64) | < 0.05 | 0.37 (0.21–0.66) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
Caesarean section (**) | |||||
 Maternal age > 40 years | 2.03 (1.82–2.27) | < 0.05 | 1.99 (1.78–2.23) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Nulliparous women | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0.774 |  |  |  |
 Conception via assisted reproductive techniques | 1.68 (1.34–2.12) | < 0.05 | 1.52 (1.20–1.93) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 PRHDs (ŧŧ) | 4.74 (3.97–5.65) | < 0.05 | 29.6 (10.72–81.70) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Low schooling | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | < 0.05 | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.610 | 0.612 |
 Sub-Saharian Africa origin | 1.61 (1.45–1.79) | < 0.05 | 1.63 (1.46–1.82) | < 0.05 | < 0.05 |
 Induced/augmented labor | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 0.400 |  |  |  |
 Neonatal weight (MoM) (ŧŧ) | 0.68 (0.55–0.85) | < 0.05 | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) | 0.330 | 0.379 |