Table 1 Prevalence rates and mean scores of study variables
| Â | Cross-sectional | Longitudinal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2nd trimester (N = 463) | 2nd trimester (n = 349) | 3rd trimester (n = 349) | |||||||
Variable | n | M or n | SD or % | n | M or n | SD or % | n | M or n | SD or % |
Mental health problems | |||||||||
 Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) | 463 | 5.09 | 3.23 | 349 | 5.02 | 3.12 | 349 | 4.96 | 3.08 |
 Stress (PHQ-D) | 463 | 4.00 | 3.04 | 349 | 3.86 | 2.93 | 349 | 3.27 | 2.81 |
Proximal risk factors | |||||||||
 Gestational weight gain (kg) | 458 | 7.19 | 3.82 | 344 | 6.88 | 3.61 | – | – | – |
 Physical activity | 342 |  |  | 275 |  |  | – | – | – |
 less than once a month |  | 91 | 26.6 |  | 76 | 27.6 |  |  |  |
 once a month |  | 48 | 14.0 |  | 36 | 13.1 |  |  |  |
 once a week |  | 166 | 48.5 |  | 136 | 49.5 | – | – | – |
 daily |  | 37 | 10.8 |  | 27 | 9.8 |  |  |  |
 Sleep problems (PSQI) | 292 | 5.50 | 3.99 | 225 | 5.35 | 3.69 | – | – | – |
 Alcohol use | 399 |  |  | 309 |  |  | – | – | – |
 non-drinker |  | 293 | 73.4 |  | 221 | 71.5 |  |  |  |
 quitter |  | 106 | 26.6 |  | 88 | 28.5 |  |  |  |
 drinker |  | 0 | 0.0 |  | 0 | 0.0 |  |  |  |
 Cigarette smoking | 364 |  |  | 275 |  |  | – | – | – |
 non-smoker |  | 296 | 81.3 |  | 224 | 81.5 |  |  |  |
 quitter |  | 67 | 18.4 |  | 50 | 18.2 |  |  |  |
 smoker |  | 1 | 0.3 |  | 1 | 0.4 |  |  |  |
 Snack food intake (portion) | 389 | 1.33 | 1.12 | 292 | 1.27 | 0.97 | – | – | – |
Covariates | |||||||||
 Age (years) | 463 | 29.77 | 4.18 | 349 | 29.75 | 4.10 | – | – | – |
 Pregravid BMI (kg/m2) | 463 | 23.50 | 4.29 | 349 | 23.38 | 4.31 | – | – | – |
 Pregnancy intention | 463 |  |  | 349 |  |  | – | – | – |
 Pregnancy not planned |  | 87 | 18.8 |  | 61 | 17.5 |  |  |  |
 Pregnancy planned |  | 376 | 81.2 |  | 288 | 82.5 |  |  |  |