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Table 7 Maternal education related perinatal status, pregnancy co-morbidities and complications, fetal deaths/stillbirths and neonatal mortality in all births

From: High risk pregnancy associated perinatal morbidity and mortality: a second birth population-based survey in Huai’an in 2015

Education years

< 7

7–9

10–12

>12

Total

Maternal age (years)

28.1 ± 6.1

26.5 ± 5.0

26.8 ± 4.5

27.3 ± 3.9

26.9 ± 4.9

 Delayed childbearing*

1094 (16.8)

2348 (7.8)

773 (7.1)

701 (5.9)

4916 (8.3)

All births

6526 (11.0)

29,925 (50.6)

10,941 (18.5)

11,798 (19.9)

59,190

Live births, n (%)

6508 (99.7)

29,855 (99.8)

10,891 (99.5)

11,769 (99.8)

59,023 (99.7)

Males*

3337(51.1)

16,234 (54.2)

5807 (53.1)

6118 (51.9)

31,496 (53.2)

Gestational age (weeks)

39.1 ± 1.5

39.1 ± 1.4

39.0 ± 1.7

39.0 ± 1.6

39.1 ± 1.5

Birthweight (g)

3433 ± 511

3461 ± 498

3426 ± 523

3444 ± 511

3438 ± 507

Preterm birth rate*

236 (3.6)

926 (3.1)

620 (5.7)

622 (5.3)

2404 (4.1)

LBW*

206 (3.2)

711 (2.4)

379 (3.5)

399 (3.4)

1695 (2.9)

Congenital anomalies

37 (0.6)

149 (0.5)

64 (0.6)

74 (0.6)

324 (0.5)

Cesarean delivery

3560 (54.6)

16,745 (56.0)

5936 (54.3)

5985 (50.7)

32,226 (54.4)

Multi-births*

103 (1.6)

488 (1.6)

315 (2.9)

344 (2.9)

1250 (2.1)

Pregnancy complications*

880 (13.5)

3797 (12.7)

1636 (15.0)

2015 (17.1)

8328 (14.1)

 Pregnant hypertension*

386 (5.9)

1438 (4.8)

522 (4.8)

574 (4.9)

2920 (4.9)

 PROM*

406 (6.2)

2322 (7.8)

1131 (10.3)

1408 (11.9)

5267 (8.9)

 GDM*

51 (0.8)

250 (0.8)

235 (2.1)

368 (3.1)

904 (1.5)

 Anemia

467 (7.2)

1909 (6.4)

932 (8.5)

1176 (10.0)

4484 (7.6)

Antenatal steroidsf

106 (47.5)

334 (37.7)

199 (33.3)

205 (34.3)

844 (36.6)

Amniotic fluid volume*

    

< 0.001

 Normal

5688 (87.2)

25,476 (85.1)

9253 (84.6)

9944 (84.3)

50,361 (85.1)

 Polyhydramnios

288 (4.4)

2044 (6.8)

856 (7.8)

1000 (8.5)

4188 (7.1)

 Oligohydramnios

550 (8.4)

2406 (8.0)

832 (7.6)

854 (7.2)

4642 (7.8)

Amniotic contamination*

    

< 0.001

 Normal

5644 (86.5)

25,697 (85.9)

9477 (86.6)

10,253 (86.9)

51,071 (86.3)

 Grade I

424 (6.5)

1695 (5.7)

452 (4.1)

353 (3.0)

2924 (4.9)

 Grade II

220 (3.4)

1220 (4.1)

390 (3.6)

392 (3.3)

2222 (3.8)

 Grade III

238 (3.6)

1313 (4.4)

622 (5.7)

800 (6.8)

2973 (5.0)

Apgar score

 1-min ≤ 7

155 (2.4)

672 (2.2)

361 (3.3)

383 (3.2)

1571 (2.7)

 1-min ≤3

37 (0.6)

149 (0.5)

85 (0.8)

76 (0.6)

347 (0.6)

 5-min ≤7**

58 (0.9)

247 (0.8)

137 (1.3)

112 (0.9)

554 (0.9)

 5-min ≤3**

29 (0.4)

134 (0.4)

74 (0.7)

56 (0.5)

293 (0.5)

Fetal deaths/stillbirths*

18 (0.3)

70 (0.2)

50 (0.5)

29 (0.2)

167 (0.3)

Deaths at deliveryb**

19 (0.3)

85 (0.3)

54 (0.5)

40 (0.3)

198 (0.3)

Hospitalized on day 1*

330 (5.1)

1344 (4.5)

745 (6.8)

845 (7.2)

3265 (5.5)

Early neonatal deathsc**

10 (0.2)

62 (0.2)

40 (0.4)

27 (0.2)

139 (0.2)

Late neonatal deathsd

3

25 (0.1)

5

8 (0.1)

41 (0.1)

All deathse

32 (0.5)

160 (0.5)

101 (0.9)

65 (0.6)

358 (0.6)

  1. Values are given in numbers and percentage (% of all births in each maternal education year category) or mean ± SD
  2. Abbreviations: LBW Low birth weight (< 2500 g), HDP Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, PROM Premature rupture of membrane, GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus
  3. * p < 0.001; ** p < 0.05
  4. aIncluding all birth defects and congenital anomalies from total births within 7 postnatal days
  5. bIncluding fetal deaths/stillbirth and neonatal deaths immediately at delivery but counted as live births
  6. cIncluding live births died in the first 7 days
  7. dIncluding live births died in the 8 to 28 days after delivery
  8. eIncluding all fetal deaths/stillbirth and all neonatal deaths
  9. fData contain all premature babies received antenatal corticosteroid therapy before delivery
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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