Table 2 Factors associated with occurrence of any adverse pregnancy outcome among all pregnant women (n = 666) and those with blood tests (n = 465)
Factora | All pregnant women (n = 666) Adverse pregnancy outcome (n = 115) | Pregnant women with blood test (n = 465) Adverse pregnancy outcome (n = 112) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) | p value (LR test) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) | p value (LR test) | |
Demographic characteristic | ||||||
Age group, in years: ref. = 15–19 |  |  | – |  |  | – |
 20–34 | 1.3 (0.6, 2.5) | – |  | 1.2 (0.6, 2.5) | – |  |
 35–49 | 1.0 (0.4, 2.3) | – |  | 0.9 (0.4, 2.2) | – |  |
Religion: Buddhist or others vs Muslim | 0.7 (0.3, 1.4) | – |  | 1.2 (0.5, 2.5) | – |  |
Education: ref. = College/university or above |  |  | – |  |  | – |
 Primary school or lower | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | – |  | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | – |  |
 Secondary school | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | – |  | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | – |  |
Occupation: ref. = Housewife |  |  | – |  |  | – |
 Agricultural worker or laborer | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | – |  | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | – |  |
 Saleperson, teacher, clerk, or technician | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) | – |  | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | – |  |
Personal monthly income, in USD: ref. = 0–184 |  |  | – |  |  | – |
 185–368 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | – |  | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | – |  |
  ≥ 369 | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) | – |  | 1.1 (0.5, 2.2) | – |  |
Houseshold environment | ||||||
Having goats as home animal | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | – | – | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | – | – |
Having other home animals excluding goats | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | – | – | 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) | – | – |
Having neighbor rearing goats | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | – | – | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) | – | – |
Obstetric information | ||||||
Gestational age at first antenatal care visit: 1st trimester (< 14 weeks) vs 2nd trimester (14–28 weeks) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.5) | 2.0 (1.1, 3.7) | 0.015 | 1. 7 (0.9, 3.1) | 1.9 (1.0, 3.6) | 0.041 |
Gravida: ref. = Primi-gravida |  |  | – |  |  | – |
 Multigravida | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | – |  | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | – |  |
 Grand-multigravida | 1.0 (0.5, 2.1) | – |  | 0.8 (0.4, 1.8) | – |  |
Parity: ref. = Nulliparity |  |  | – |  |  | – |
 Primiparity | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | – |  | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | – |  |
 Multiparity | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | – |  | 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) | – |  |
Having history of abortion | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) | – | – | 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) | – | – |
Having history of stillbirth | 1.1 (0.2, 5.0) | – | – | 1.3 (0.2, 6.6) | – | – |
Having history of preterm birth | 3.7 (1.7, 7.9) | 2.4 (1.0, 5.7) | 0.046 | 4.1 (1.7, 9.8) | 3.6 (1.4, 9.3) | 0.010 |
Having history of low birth weight | 3.1 (1.7, 5.6) | 2.6 (1.3, 4.9) | 0.007 | 2.7 (1.4, 5.1) | 2.2 (1.1, 4.3) | 0.037 |
Exposure status – cutaneous contact | ||||||
Live goats or goat rearing activities | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | – | – | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | – | – |
Raw goat meat | 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) | – | – | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) | 0.035 |
Raw goat milk | 0.3 (0.0, 2.2) | – | – | 0.2 (0.0, 1.6) | – | – |
Exposure status – consumption | ||||||
Raw goat meat | 0.8 (0.3, 2.2) | – | – | 0.6 (0.2, 1.6) | – | – |
Raw goat milk | 0.6 (0.3, 1.5) | – | – | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) | – | – |
Serological result for anti-Brucella abortus IgG | ||||||
Positive vs negative | – | – | – | 0.2 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.2 (0.0, 1.4) | 0.041 |