Table 1 Sample characteristics, % (n) or M (SD)
|  | No Violence 61.2 (569) | Unilateral Victimization 5.2 (48) | Unilateral Perpetration 13.5 (126) | Bilateral Violence 20.1 (187) | Overall (N = 930) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||||
Race/Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 Hispanic/Latina | 66.3 (377) | 50.0 (24) | 62.7 (79) | 48.7 (91) | 61.4 (571) |  |
 Black, non-Latina | 29.5 (168) | 41.7 (20) | 31.7 (40) | 45.5 (85) | 33.7 (313) |  |
 Othera | 4.2 (24) | 8.3 (4) | 5.6 (7) | 5.9 (11) | 4.9 (46) |  |
Nativity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.023 |
 U.S. born | 59.9 (341) | 62.5 (30) | 65.9 (83) | 72.2 (135) | 63.3 (589) |  |
 Foreign born | 40.1 (228) | 37.5 (18) | 34.1 (43) | 27.8 (52) | 36.7 (341) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.519 |
 Some high school | 61.4 (344) | 60.4 (29) | 64.3 (81) | 53.5 (100) | 60.2 (554) |  |
 High school graduate | 20.0 (112) | 18.8 (9) | 18.3 (23) | 22.5 (42) | 20.2 (186) |  |
 Some college | 18.6 (104) | 20.8 (10) | 17.5 (22) | 24.1 (45) | 19.7 (181) |  |
Nulliparous | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.211 |
 No | 15.9 (86) | 17.0 (8) | 11.5 (14) | 10.4 (19) | 14.2 (127) |  |
 Yes | 84.1 (455) | 83.0 (39) | 88.5 (108) | 89.6 (164) | 85.8 (766) |  |
Employment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.209 |
 Unemployed | 80.0 (453) | 85.4 (41) | 75.2 (94) | 74.7 (139) | 78.6 (727) |  |
 Employed | 20.0 (113) | 14.6 (7) | 24.8 (31) | 25.3 (47) | 21.4 (198) |  |
Main source of financial support | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.051 |
 Self | 18.5 (105) | 20.8 (10) | 21.6 (27) | 18.8 (35) | 19.1 (177) |  |
 Partner | 32.5 (183) | 29.2 (14) | 21.6 (27) | 25.8 (48) | 29.3 (272) |  |
 Parent | 33.6 (191) | 39.6 (19) | 46.4 (58) | 34.4 (64) | 35.8 (332) |  |
 Other | 15.7 (89) | 10.4 (5) | 10.4 (13) | 21.0 (39) | 15.7 (146) |  |
Relationship status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.020 |
 Married or living together | 45.2 (249) | 37.8 (17) | 39.2 (49) | 32.4 (59) | 41.4 (374) |  |
 Other relationship (single/never married, sep/divorced, widowed) | 54.8 (302) | 62.2 (28) | 60.8 (76) | 67.6 (123) | 58.6 (529) |  |
Depression |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Not depressed | 67.8 (386) | 45.8 (22) | 53.2 (67) | 39.6 (74) | 59.0 (549) |  |
 Depressed | 32.2 (183) | 54.2 (26) | 46.8 (59) | 60.4 (113) | 41.0 (381) |  |
Anxiety |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 No | 88.4 (502) | 78.7 (37) | 78.6 (99) | 61.0 (114) | 81.0 (752) |  |
 Yes | 11.6 (66) | 21.3 (10) | 21.4 (27) | 39.0 (73) | 19.0 (176) |  |
Prenatal distress |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Low | 52.5 (297) | 33.3 (16) | 45.6 (57) | 27.0 (50) | 45.5 (420) |  |
 High | 47.5 (269) | 66.7 (32) | 54.4 (68) | 73.0 (135) | 54.5 (504) |  |
Type of violence |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
 Physical | – | 37.5 (18) | 44.4 (56) | 72.7 (136) | 22.6 (210) |  |
 Verbal | – | 87.5 (42) | 83.3 (105) | 96.3 (180) | 35.2 (327) |  |
 Sexual | – | 14.6 (7) | 1.6 (2) | 15.5 (29) | 4.1 (38) |  |