Pregnancy and early motherhood among adolescents in five East African countries: a multi-level analysis of risk and protective factors

Table 2 Percentage of adolescents who were either pregnant or begun child bearing by socio-demographic characteristics in five East African countries using the most recent DHS

Variables	Kenya	Malawi	Uganda	Tanzania	Zambia
Variables	2014 (N = 5820)	2015 (N = 5263)	2016 (N = 4263)	2015 (N = 2904)	2014 (N = 3675)
Educational status
No education	33.2^b	54.1^b	34.6^b	52.3^b	53.2^b
Primary	23.7	32.2	28.7	33.8	35.8
Secondary & higher	11.5	18.4	16.7	10.4	23.0
Age, in years
15	3.2^b	4.5^b	3.2^b	4.4^b	4.9^b
16	8.0	12.2	9.4	11.4	11.9
17	15.0	26.6	22.1	23.0	25.7
18	25.9	45.6	40.2	38.2	41.7
19	39.9	59.2	53.9	56.7	58.9
Religion
Catholic	18.3	25.5	22.9	–	23.7
Protestant	17.7	23.5	26.1		29.8
Muslim	17.5	38.2	26.5		4.0
Others	49.8	32.0	23.5		46.5
Exposure to media (newspaper, radio, TV)
None	21.5^a	31.5^a	26.4^a	32.9^a	43.1^a
One of the three	22.1	27.3	26.8	25.8	29.0
Two of the three	13.2	19.1	18.6	20.4	18.9
All three	6.5	11.1	13.1	10.7	10.7
Residence
Urban	17.0^a	21.3^b	18.8^b	18.5^b	20.0^b
Rural	18.4	30.7	26.7	31.6	36.4
Wealth index
Poorest	26.0^b	43.6^b	33.5^b	42.4^b	44.5^b
Poorer	18.3	34.8	31.9	38.5	38.6
Middle	19.1	30.5	24.6	28.2	34.5
Richer	16.4	24.7	21.5	23.4	28.2
Richest	10.2	15.3	24.8	12.7	10.3
Sex of the household head
Male	19.5^a	30.0	28.0^b	27.6	29.0
Female	16.0	27.1	19.0	23.8	27.4
Family living arrangement
Living with husband/partner	73.1^b	84.6^b	75.5^b	80.5^b	90.1^b
Living with parents	8.7	11.6	12.0	14.7	20.1
Living with relatives or others	18.4	17.8	20.8	23.7	21.8
Total	18.1	29.0	24.8	26.7	28.5

^adifferences statistically significant at 5%, ^b differences statistically significant at 1%

ISSN: 1471-2393