Table 2 Distribution of study variables by exclusively breastfeeding or not at six weeks postpartum
Exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 943) | No (n = 274) | ||
n % | n % | OR (95% CI)a | |
Background variables | |||
Age (years) | |||
< 25 | 43 (4) | 25 (9) | 1.92 (1.09–3.36) |
25–34 | 676 (72) | 181 (66) | 0.88 (0.64–1.21) |
≥ 35 | 224 (24) | 68 (25) | Reference |
Parity | |||
Primiparas | 431 (49) | 146 (59) | 1.51 (1.13–2.01) |
Multiparas | 449 (51) | 101 (41) | Reference |
Educational level | |||
High school or lower | 153 (17) | 77 (29) | 2.06 (1.50–2.83) |
College/University | 767 (83) | 187 (71) | Reference |
Employment status | |||
Unemployed | 62 (7) | 35 (13) | 2.13 (1.37–3.30) |
Employed/Student | 859 (93) | 228 (87) | Reference |
Pre-pregnancy BMIb (kg/m2) | |||
< 25 | 683 (74) | 161 (60) | Reference |
25–29 | 178 (19) | 72 (27) | 1.72 (1.24–2.37) |
30–34 | 50 (6) | 18 (7) | 1.53 (0.87–2.69) |
≥ 35 | 12 (1) | 15 (6) | 5.30 (2.44–11.5) |
History of depression | |||
Yes | 252 (28) | 104 (40) | 1.72 (1.29–2.29) |
No | 655 (72) | 157 (60) | Reference |
Pregnancy and Birth variables | |||
Smoking at 17th week of pregnancy | |||
Yes | 4 (0.5) | 4 (1.7) | 0.28 (0.07–1.13) |
No | 830 (99.5) | 233 (98.3) | Reference |
Depressive symptoms during pregnancyc | |||
Yes | 105 (11) | 49 (18) | 1.74 (1.20–2.52) |
No | 838 (89) | 225 (82) | Reference |
Pregnancy complicationsd | |||
Yes | 486 (52) | 168 (62) | 1.49 (1.13–1.97) |
No | 444 (48) | 103 (38) | Reference |
Mode of birth | |||
Vaginal birth | 697 (74) | 161 (59) | Reference |
Vacuum extraction | 86 (9) | 25 (9) | 1.26 (0.78–2.03) |
Planned caesarean section | 74 (8) | 47 (17) | 2.75 (1.84–4.12) |
Emergency caesarean section | 86 (9) | 41 (15) | 2.06 (1.37–3.11) |
Epidural anesthesia | |||
Yes | 359 (39) | 110 (42) | 1.12 (0.85–1.48) |
No | 563 (61) | 154 (58) | Reference |
Postpartum variables | |||
Postpartum complicationse | |||
Yes | 169 (19) | 66 (26) | 1.49 (1.07–2.06) |
No | 727,981) | 191 (74) | Reference |
Breastfeeding within 2 h after birth | |||
No | 165 (18) | 99 (36) | 2.67 (1.98–3.59) |
Yes | 778 (82) | 175 (64) | Reference |
Breastfeeding experience | |||
Negative | 57 (6) | 52 (19) | 3.64 (2.43–5.45) |
Positive | 885 (94) | 222 (81) | Reference |
Hands-on approachf | |||
Yes | 145 (15) | 100 (37) | 3.16 (2.33–4.27) |
No | 796 (85) | 174 (63) | Reference |
Depressive symptoms at 6 weeks postpartumg | |||
Yes | 111 (12) | 52 (19) | 1.78 (1.24–2.55) |
No | 820 (88) | 216 (81) | Reference |