Table 1 Characteristics of health facilities and health care providers

Characteristics of health facilities

SH^a, RH^b, PH^c (n = 37)

High Volume DH^d (5 or more deliveries per day) (n = 40)

Low Volume DH^d and CHC^e with 0–4 deliveries per day (n = 37)

BHC^f, SHC^g, FHH^h (n = 112)

p-value

All public sector (n = 226)

Private hospitals (n = 20)

# new antenatal care clients per month (median [range)

193 (0–2387)

153 (0–771)

28 (0–101)

49 (1–238)

< 0.001

56 (0–2387)

25 (0–101)

# facility births per month (median [range)

558 (76–2157)

232 (142–1233)

6 (0–33)

9 (1–98)

< 0.001

17 (0–2157)

49 (4–218)

# % facilities that provide 24-h coverage for delivery of services

100.0 (37)

100.0 (40)

56.8 (21)

41.2 (46)

< 0.001

63.7 (144)

90.0 (18)

# hours that women generally stay at health facilities following a normal delivery (average [SD]ⁱ)

5.0 (3.9)

5.5 (4.8)

4.8 (1.8)

4.6 (2.9)

0.596

4.9 (3.4)

5.5 (4.7)

Characteristics of health care providers number (%)

SH^a, RH^b, PH^c (n = 333)

DH^d with 5 or more deliveries per day (n = 228)

DH^d and CHC^e with 0–4 deliveries per day (n = 69)

BHC^f, SHC^g, FHH^h (n = 104)

p-value

All public sector (n = 734)

Private hospitals (n = 64)

Skilled birth attendants (SBAs) who provide antenatal services in their current positions

291 (87.4%)

198 (86.8%)

68 (98.6%)

102 (98.1%)

< 0.001

659 (89.8%)

58 (90.6%)

SBAs that provide intrapartum services in their current positions

310 (93.1%)

204 (89.5%)

67 (97.1%)

96 (92.3%)

0.007

677 (92.2%)

62 (96.9%)

 Antenatal care screening (e.g., checking blood pressure and testing proteinuria)

91 (27.3%)

56 (24.6%)

22 (31.9%)

36 (34.6%)

0.181

205 (27.9%)

18(28.1%)

 Management of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia

98 (29.4%)

42 (18.4%)

18 (26.1%)

28 (26.9%)

0.003

186 (25.3%)

16 (25.0%)

 Basic emergency obstetric and newborn care

90 (27.0%)

42 (18.4%)

15 (21.7%)

26 (25.0%)

0.129

173 (23.6%)

16 (25.0%)