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Table 4 Frequency of intake of dried fruit and nuts and risk of SGA

From: Maternal dietary consumption of legumes, vegetables and fruit during pregnancy, does it protect against small for gestational age?

Frequency of intake (quintiles, Q)

Casesn (%)

Controls n (%)

OR (95% CI)

aORa (95% CI)

Dried fruit (g/day)

 Q1 (<  0.1)

126 (24.3)

104 (20.1)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

 Q2 (0.1–0.3)

113 (21.8)

104 (20.1)

0.89 (0.61–1.29)

0.88 (0.58–1.34)

 Q3 (0.31–1.1)

105 (20.7)

103 (19.9)

0.83 (0.57–1.22)

0.89 (0.58–1.38)

 Q4 (1.11–3.8)

91 (17.6)

104 (20.1)

0.70 (0.47–1.03)

0.70 (0.45–1.10)

 Q5 (>  3.8)

83 (16.0)

103 (19.9)

0.63 (0.42–0.95)

0.67 (0.42–1.05)

P for trend

0.099

0.193

Walnuts (g/day)

 Q1 (<  0.3)

114 (22.0)

104 (20.1)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

 Q2 (0.3–1.4)

99 (19.1)

104 (20.1)

0.86 (0.58–1.27)

0.75 (0.49–1.14)

 Q3 (1.41–2.6)

90 (17.4)

103 (19.9)

0.79 (0.54–1.17)

0.78 (0.51–1.21)

 Q4 (2.61–5.0)

114 (22.0)

104 (20.1)

1.01 (0.69–1.46)

1.02 (0.68–1.53)

 Q5 (>  5.0)

101 (19.5)

103 (19.9)

0.89 (0.60–1.31)

0.83 (0.55–1.27)

P for trend

0.873

0.517

Other nutsb (g/day)

 Q1 (<  0.8)

104 (20.8)

104 (20.1)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

 Q2 (0.8–2.0)

83 (16.0)

104 (20.1)

0.79 (0.52–1.17)

0.80 (0.51–1.24)

 Q3 (2.01–3.4)

114 (22.0)

103 (19.9)

1.09 (0.74–1.60)

1.07 (0.70–1.64)

 Q4 (3.41–5.5)

96 (18.5)

104 (20.1)

0.91 (0.62–1.35)

0.91 (0.59–1.40)

 Q5 (>  5.5)

121 (23.4)

103 (19.9)

1.16 (0.80–1.66)

1.21 (0.81–1.81)

P for trend

0.188

0.234

  1. aAdjusted for preeclampsia, education, smoking, body mass index, gain weight per week during pregnancy, fish intake and previous preterm/low birthweight newborn
  2. bAlmond, peanut, pistachio, etc.