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Table 3 Risk of perinatal and neonatal complications among study groups

From: Obstetric and perinatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies conceived via assisted reproductive technology complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study

Variables

ART

(n = 125)

ART-GDM

(n = 135)

SC-GDM

(n = 152)

SC

(n = 162)

Preterm Birth (PTB), n (%)

9 (7.2)

23 (17.3)

13 (8.7)

7 (4.3)

 OR (95% CI)

1.71 (0.62–4.72)

4.60 (1.90–11.10)*

2.09 (0.81–5.38)

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.53 (0.54–4.35)

3.89 (1.51–10.10)*

2.13 (0.81–5.63)

Ref. group

IUGR n (%)

12 (9.6)

14 (10.8)

10 (6.7)

5 (3.1)

 OR (95% CI)

3.27 (1.12–9.55)

3.72 (1.30–10.61)

2.20 (0.73–6.59)

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

2.63 (0.88–7.89)

2.92 (0.96–8.93)

2.57 (0.83–7.93)

Ref. group

Small for gestational age (SGA), n (%)

18 (14.4)

20 (15.3)

9 (6.0)

18 (11.2)

 OR (95% CI)

1.34 (0.66–2.69)

1.43 (0.72–2.83)

0.51 (0.22–1.17)

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.14 (0.55–2.37)

1.34 (0.62–2.87)

0.62 (0.27–1.46)

Ref. group

Large for gestational age (LGA), n (%)

3 (2.4)

7 (5.3)

9 (6.0)

2 (1.2)

 OR (95% CI)

1.95 (0.32–11.88)

4.49 (0.92–21.98)

5.07 (1.08–23.88)*

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

2.19 (0.34–14.03)

5.08 (0.92–28.15)

5.20(1.07–25.20)*

Ref. group

Macrosomia n (%)

3 (2.4)

4 (3.1)

7 (4.7)

4 (2.5)

 OR (95% CI)

0.97 (0.21–4.39)

1.25 (0.31–5.08)

1.92 (0.55–6.70)

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.01 (0.21–4.90)

1.21 (0.26–5.66)

1.88 (0.51–6.83)

Ref. group

Low birth weight (LBW), n (%)

10 (8.0)

16 (12.2)

8 (5.3)

5 (3.1)

 OR (95% CI)

2.7 (0.90–8.15)

4.34 (1.55–12.19)*

1.76 (0.56–5.50)

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.99 (0.65–6.08)

3.11 (1.04–9.30)*

2.23 (0.70–7.14)

Ref. group

NICU admission n (%)

18 (14.4)

27 (20.8)

12 (8.0)

9 (5.6)

 OR (95% CI)

2.82 (1.22–6.52)*

4.40 (1.99–9.74)*

1.46 (0.60–3.57)

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

2.53 (1.05–6.09)*

4.36 (1.82–10.45)*

1.59 (0.64–3.97)

Ref. group

Respiratory distress n (%)

7 (5.6)

15 (11.5)

12 (8.1)

15 (9.3)

 OR (95% CI)

0.58 (0.23–1.46)

1.27 (0.60–2.70)

0.85 (0.39–1.89)

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

0.48 (0.18–1.26)

1.02 (0.44–2.34)

0.96(0.42–2.18)

Ref. group

Neonatal hypoglycemia, n (%)

4(3.2)

15(11.5)

5(3.3)

5(3.1)

 OR (95% CI)

1.02(0.27–3.90)

4.04(1.43–11.45)*

1.07(0.30-3.77)

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

1.17(0.29–4.72)

4.91(1.50–16.07)*

0.94(0.24-3.70)

Ref. group

Perinatal mortality, n (%)

0

5(3.7)

2(1.3)

1(0.6)

 OR (95% CI)

1

6.19(0.71–53.66)

2.15(0.19–23.92)

Ref. group

 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

1

5.56(0.55–56.65)

2.23(0.19–25.87)

Ref. group

  1. GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, SC spontaneous conception, ART assisted reproductive technology, PIH pregnancy induced hypertension, IUGR Intrauterine growth restriction; NICU neonatal intensive care unit
  2. OR Crude Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval
  3. ORs were adjusted for maternal age, parity and pre-pregnancy BMI
  4. Ref. means reference group
  5. *P < 0.05 was considered significant
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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