Factors influencing the quality of life of pregnant women: a systematic review

Table 2 Factors significantly associated with poor quality of life according to the studies (p < 0.05)

Risk factors	Protective Factors
Socio-demographic characteristics
Older pregnant women [18, 23, 25, 42]
Economic difficulties [14, 30, 32, 35]
Low level of education [18, 25, 33, 35, 49]
Unemployment [25, 49]	Occupation (housewife) [35]
Ethnic minority [30]	Ethnic minority [23, 42]
Isolation
Single [18, 35, 42]	Single [25]
No partner support [18]
No social support [18, 20, 30]
Little / no partner support [18]
Medical characteristics
Adverse medical history [18]
Obesity [14, 48]	Obesity [25]
Bad physical condition prior to conception [43, 49]
Smoking prior to conception [14]
Addiction to alcohol prior to conception [14]
Practicing physical exercise [14, 23, 45]
Obstetrical characteristics
Experience of infertility [16]
Primiparity [48, 51]	Primiparity [18, 33, 40, 49]
More advanced in weeks pregnant [16, 28, 33]	More advanced in weeks pregnant [39-mcs]
Hospitalisation during pregnancy [25]
Medically assisted reproduction [14, 40, 41]	Medically assisted reproduction [48]
Obstetric Complications [18, 21, 40]
Psychological characteristics
Prenatal depressive symptoms [18, 22, 25, 30, 44]
Stress, prenatal anxiety [18, 22, 24, 32, 42]
History of sexual violence [16]
History of domestic violence [21, 34]
Difficult life events [18]
	Wanted pregnancy [25, 33, 40]
	Happy being pregnant [49]
	Optimistic [29] Life Satisfaction [33]
Symptoms during pregnancy
Nausea / vomiting [14, 17, 23]
Epigastralgia / reflux [19]
Back pain [14, 31]
Sleep disorder [14, 18, 46]
Comfort [38]

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