Table 1 Sample characteristics by reasons for immigration to Norway, 1990–2013
From: Preeclampsia by maternal reasons for immigration: a population-based study
Characteristics | Norwegian women (non-immigrants) | Nordic immigrant women | Reasons for immigration | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Refuge | Family | Labour | Education | |||
No. of women | 1,123,762 | 22,594 | 29,422 | 89,523 | 13,618 | 8351 |
Period of birth (%) | ||||||
1990–1993 | 18.6 | 12.5 | 5.2 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
1994–1998 | 22.4 | 18.1 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 2.2 | 6.0 |
1999–2003 | 20.4 | 21.9 | 19.5 | 20.2 | 6.6 | 12.7 |
2004–2008 | 19.7 | 21.9 | 27.7 | 28.8 | 18.0 | 26.6 |
2009–2013 | 18.9 | 25.6 | 36.2 | 36.4 | 72.8 | 53.6 |
Maternal age at birth, years (mean ± SD) | 29.0 ± 5.1 | 30.6 ± 4.8 | 28.6 ± 5.6 | 29.1 ± 5.4 | 30.2 ± 4.7 | 30.1 ± 4.0 |
Parity (%) | ||||||
Primiparous | 41.2 | 45.6 | 31.5 | 41.7 | 60.8 | 58.7 |
Multiparous | 58.8 | 54.4 | 68.5 | 58.3 | 39.2 | 41.3 |
Single/widowed/other (%) | 8.2 | 5.0 | 19.3 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 5.5 |
Maternal income, NOK per 1000 (quartiles)a | ||||||
< 125.0 | 24.7 | 16.3 | 37.3 | 35.3 | 13.0 | 24.3 |
125.0–195.5 | 25.6 | 20.7 | 18.7 | 20.2 | 12.5 | 12.0 |
195.6–287.4 | 25.0 | 28.1 | 23.0 | 24.0 | 28.1 | 22.0 |
≥ 287.5 | 24.7 | 34.8 | 21.0 | 20.5 | 46.3 | 41.6 |
Maternal educational level (%)b | ||||||
No education | 0.0 | 0.4 | 7.6 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Primary school | 21.6 | 10.6 | 50.5 | 36.0 | 7.6 | 12.5 |
Secondary school | 38.5 | 31.2 | 25.5 | 26.8 | 21.9 | 16.5 |
University/college | 39.9 | 57.8 | 16.5 | 34.3 | 70.2 | 70.8 |
Smoking early in pregnancy (%)c | 18.3 | 11.6 | 7.5 | 5.7 | 8.5 | 2.8 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD)d | 24.6 ± 4.9 | 24.0 ± 4.5 | 24.7 ± 4.8 | 23.5 ± 4.4 | 23.0 ± 4.0 | 22.8 ± 3.9 |
Chronic hypertension (%) | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
Pre-pregnancy diabetes (%) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Length of residence, years (mean ± SD)e | 7.0 ± 6.1 | 5.5 ± 5.2 | 4.1 ± 4.0 | 3.2 ± 2.7 | 6.1 ± 3.8 | |
Maternal age at arriving, years (mean ± SD)e | 23.6 ± 6.6 | 23.1 ± 6.9 | 25.0 ± 5.8 | 27.0 ± 4.3 | 24.0 ± 3.6 | |