Maternal overweight is not an independent risk factor for increased birth weight, leptin and insulin in newborns of gestational diabetic women: observations from the prospective ‘EaCH’ cohort study

Ott, Raffael; Stupin, Jens H.; Loui, Andrea; Eilers, Elisabeth; Melchior, Kerstin; Rancourt, Rebecca C.; Schellong, Karen; Ziska, Thomas; Dudenhausen, Joachim W.; Henrich, Wolfgang; Plagemann, Andreas

doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1889-8

Table 3 Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses for maternal anthropometric variables vs. neonatal anthropometric and cord-blood outcome variables

From: Maternal overweight is not an independent risk factor for increased birth weight, leptin and insulin in newborns of gestational diabetic women: observations from the prospective ‘EaCH’ cohort study

Outcome variable	Independent variable	Crude		Adjusted^a
				Model I		Model II
		B (95% CI)	P-value	B (95% CI)	P-value	B (95% CI)	P-value
Placental weight
	Prepregnancy body weight	0.195 (0.06; 0.34)	0.006	0.171 (0.02; 0.33)	0.032	0.118 (− 0.09; 0.32)	ns
	Prepregnancy BMI	0.201 (0.06; 0.34)	0.005	0.164 (0.01; 0.32)	0.036	0.097 (− 0.10; 0.30)	ns
	GWG in 1. trimester	0.066 (− 0.08; 0.21)	ns	0.077 (−0.06; 0.21)	ns	0.052 (− 0.10; 0.20)	ns
	GWG in 2. trimester	0.082 (− 0.06; 0.22)	ns	0.058 (− 0.09; 0.20)	ns	0.029 (− 0.14; 0.19)	ns
	GWG in 3. trimester	0.184 (0.04; 0.32)	0.010	0.131 (−0.01; 0.27)	ns	0.057 (− 0.10; 0.22)	ns
	Total GWG	0.120 (−0.02; 0.26)	ns	0.099 (−0.04; 0.24)	ns	0.018 (− 0.14; 0.18)	ns
	Net GWG	0.054 (−0.09; 0.20)	ns	0.045 (−0.09; 0.18)	ns	−0.034 (− 0.19; 0.12)	ns
Birth weight
	Prepregnancy body weight	0.142 (0.00; 0.28)	0.044	0.113 (− 0.03; 0.25)	ns	0.085 (−0.10; 0.27)	ns
	Prepregnancy BMI	0.103 (− 0.04; 0.24)	ns	0.102 (−0.04; 0.24)	ns	0.081 (−0.11; 0.27)	ns
	GWG in 1. trimester	0.043 (−0.10; 0.18)	ns	0.058 (−0.06; 0.18)	ns	0.025 (−0.11; 0.17)	ns
	GWG in 2. trimester	0.139 (− 0.00; 0.28)	ns	0.084 (−0.04; 0.21)	ns	0.091 (−0.06; 0.24)	ns
	GWG in 3. trimester	0.190 (0.05; 0.33)	0.007	0.146 (0.02; 0.27)	0.021	0.113 (− 0.03; 0.26)	ns
	Total GWG	0.172 (0.03; 0.31)	0.016	0.139 (0.02; 0.26)	0.028	0.108 (−0.04; 0.25)	ns
	Net GWG	0.086 (− 0.05; 0.23)	ns	0.077 (−0.05; 0.20)	ns	0.048 (−0.10; 0.19)	ns
Relative birth weight
	Prepregnancy body weight	0.188 (0.05; 0.33)	0.007	0.133 (− 0.01; 0.28)	ns	0.069 (− 0.12; 0.26)	ns
	Prepregnancy BMI	0.150 (0.01; 0.29)	0.033	0.121 (−0.02; 0.26)	ns	0.069 (− 0.12; 0.26)	ns
	GWG in 1. trimester	0.026 (−0.12; 0.17)	ns	0.038 (− 0.09; 0.16)	ns	0.043 (− 0.10; 0.19)	ns
	GWG in 2. trimester	0.136 (−0.01; 0.28)	ns	0.105 (−0.03; 0.24)	ns	0.107 (−0.05; 0.26)	ns
	GWG in 3. trimester	0.216 (0.08; 0.35)	0.002	0.171 (0.05; 0.30)	0.008	0.105 (−0.04; 0.25)	ns
	Total GWG	0.197 (0.06; 0.33)	0.005	0.168 (0.04; 0.29)	0.009	0.131 (−0.02; 0.28)	ns
	Net GWG	0.106 (− 0.03; 0.25)	ns	0.098 (−0.03; 0.23)	ns	0.064 (−0.08; 0.21)	ns
Cord-blood insulin
	Prepregnancy body weight	0.109 (−0.04; 0.26)	ns	0.078 (−0.09; 0.24)	ns	−0.046 (− 0.25; 0.16)	ns
	Prepregnancy BMI	0.177 (0.03; 0.33)	0.023	0.090 (−0.07; 0.25)	ns	−0.021 (− 0.23; 0.18)	ns
	GWG in 1. trimester	−0.067 (− 0.22; 0.09)	ns	− 0.059 (− 0.20; 0.08)	ns	− 0.109 (− 0.26; 0.05)	ns
	GWG in 2. trimester	0.050 (− 0.11; 0.21)	ns	0.083 (− 0.07; 0.24)	ns	0.157 (− 0.01; 0.32)	ns
	GWG in 3. trimester	0.142 (− 0.01; 0.30)	ns	0.111 (− 0.03; 0.26)	ns	0.146 (−0.02; 0.31)	ns
	Total GWG	0.107 (−0.05; 0.26)	ns	0.129 (−0.01; 0.27)	ns	0.147 (−0.01; 0.31)	ns
	Net GWG	0.069 (−0.09; 0.23)	ns	0.102 (−0.04; 0.25)	ns	0.124 (−0.04; 0.28)	ns
Cord-blood leptin
	Prepregnancy body weight	0.159 (0.01; 0.31)	0.042	0.116 (− 0.05; 0.28)	ns	0.102 (−0.11; 0.31)	ns
	Prepregnancy BMI	0.177 (0.02; 0.33)	0.024	0.098 (− 0.06; 0.26)	ns	0.088 (− 0.12; 0.29)	ns
	GWG in 1. trimester	−0.032 (− 0.19; 0.13)	ns	− 0.018 (− 0.16; 0.12)	ns	− 0.061 (− 0.22; 0.10)	ns
	GWG in 2. trimester	−0.102 (− 0.26; 0.06)	ns	− 0.049 (− 0.20; 0.10)	ns	0.031 (− 0.14; 0.20)	ns
	GWG in 3. trimester	0.117 (− 0.04; 0.27)	ns	0.069 (−0.08; 0.22)	ns	0.103 (− 0.06; 0.27)	ns
	Total GWG	0.006 (−0.15; 0.16)	ns	0.032 (−0.11; 0.18)	ns	0.022 (− 0.14; 0.18)	ns
	Net GWG	−0.019 (− 0.18; 0.14)	ns	0.020 (− 0.12; 0.16)	ns	0.015 (− 0.15; 0.18)	ns

Abbreviations: BMI Body-mass-index, ns Non-significant, GWG Gestational weight gain
^aModel I: Adjusted for maternal age, socio-economic status, ethnic origin, smoking during pregnancy, parity, height (except for BMI), type of therapy, gestational age, mode of delivery and infant’s sex.
Model II: Model I adjustment plus mean fasting and postprandial glucose at 32nd and 36th weeks’ gestation and HbA1c partum

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