Table 2 Univariable analysis of risk factors for hysterectomy in women with postpartum haemorrhage
Variable | Total | n(%) of women who had hysterectomy | Age-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)a | P-value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cause of haemorrhage | ||||
Uterine atony | 12,759 | 421 (3.3) | 1 | < 0.001 |
Surgical trauma/tears | 3681 | 181 (4.9) | 1.49 (1.24–1.80) | |
Placenta praevia/accreta | 1874 | 326 (17.4) | 4.87 (4.11–5.77) | |
Other/Unknown | 1699 | 90 (5.3) | 1.40 (1.10–1.80) | |
Age (years) | ||||
< 20 | 1021 | 12 (1.2) | 1 | < 0.001 |
20–29 | 10,408 | 306 (2.9) | 2.15 (1.20–3.86) | < 0.001ǂ |
30–39 | 7900 | 615 (7.8) | 5.98 (3.34–10.70) | |
≥40 | 681 | 87 (12.8) | 11.73 (6.30–21.85) | |
Geographic region | ||||
Africa | 12,714 | 570 (4.5) | 1 | < 0.001 |
Asia | 6173 | 420 (6.8) | 1.67 (1.20–2.34) | |
Europe and Americas | 1130 | 30 (2.7) | 0.53 (0.26–1.08) | |
Delivery in study hospital | ||||
Yes | 17,586 | 868 (4.9) | 1 | 0.77 |
No | 2428 | 152 (6.3) | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | |
Uterotonic prophylaxis given | ||||
Yes | 19,264 | 940 (4.9) | 1 | < 0.001 |
No | 269 | 40(14.9) | 2.65 (1.80–3.88) | |
Type of delivery | ||||
Vaginal | 14,188 | 357 (2.5) | 1 | < 0.001 |
Caesarean | 5824 | 661 (11.4) | 4.50 (3.89–5.21) | |
Full delivery of placenta | ||||
Yes | 18, 064 | 796 (4.4) | 1 | < 0.001 |
No | 1950 | 223 (11.4) | 2.24 (1.89–2.66) | |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
≤70 | 1532 | 210 (13.7) | 6.40 (5.25–7.81) | < 0.001 |
71–90 | 5925 | 453 (7.7) | 3.02 (2.59–3.53) | < 0.001ǂ |
> 90 | 12,555 | 357 (2.8) | 1 | |
Estimated volume of blood loss (mL) | ||||
≤ 1000 | 10,400 | 86 (0.8) | 1 | < 0.001 |
1001–1500 | 5703 | 238 (4.2) | 5.35 (4.13–6.93) | < 0.001ǂ |
> 1500 | 3911 | 696 (17.8) | 32.02 (24.97–41.05) | |
Clinical signs of haemodynamic instability | ||||
No | 8194 | 128 (1.6) | 1 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 11,822 | 891 (7.5) | 7.35 (5.96–9.06) | |