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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by HIV status

From: Patterns of caesarean section in HIV infected and non-infected women in Malawi: is caesarean section used for PMTCT?

Item

All women

(n = 62,033)

Women with unknown HIV status (n = 5741)

HIV negative women

(n = 33,099)

HIV positive women

(n = 23,193)

Total

Weighted %

Total

Weighted %

Total

Weighted %

Total

Weighted %

Year of admission

2010

10,526

20.8

675

18.4

4272

20.9

5579

24.1

2011

16,216

30.9

1647

38.2

7056

29.4

7513

32.4

`2012

16,749

22.6

1888

23.6

9889

22.5

4972

21.4

2013

18,542

25.8

1531

19.9

11,882

27.2

5129

22.1

Maternal complication

None

52,992

86.8

4674

82.4

28,932

88.0

19,386

83.6

Hemorrhage

1566

2.0

173

2.9

621

1.7

772

3.3

OPL

2899

4.3

312

5.0

1413

4.7

1175

5.1

Preeclampsia

511

0.8

78

1.2

260

0.7

173

0.7

Sepsis

101

0.1

13

0.3

21

0.1

67

0.3

RU

161

0.2

28

0.5

68

0.2

65

0.3

Unspecified

3275

5.0

386

6.4

1610

4.7

1278

5.5

Unknown

528

0.7

77

1.4

174

0.5

277

1.2

Infant complication

None

51,017

85.8

4691

82.1

28,892

87.6

17,435

75.2

Prematurity

2609

3.6

281

4.7

1163

3.3

1156

5.0

LBW

2166

3.0

261

4.8

844

2.5

1073

4.6

Asphyxia

2140

3.4

246

3.9

1158

3.3

732

3.2

Unspecified

1683

2.6

197

3.3

811

2.4

675

2.9

Unknown

2418

1.6

65

1.2

231

0.8

2122

9.1

No of previous deliveries

0

14,446

29.1

1738

30.6

10,125

30.8

2583

11.1

1

12,554

21.2

1138

19.9

7314

21.8

4102

17.7

2–3

19,780

28.0

1505

26.2

8856

26.9

9419

40.6

> 3

14,554

20.5

1180

20.4

6523

19.6

6851

29.5

Unknown

699

1.2

180

2.9

281

0.9

238

1.0

Age in years

< 20

11,191

23.0

1428

26.3

8217

24.4

1546

6.7

20–24

17,485

31.0

1738

30.5

10,491

32.0

5256

22.7

25–29

14,003

20.0

1035

17.1

6374

19.5

6595

28.4

30–34

10,960

13.9

740

12.5

4389

12.9

58,31

25.1

> 34

7288

10.2

583

9.8

3094

9.6

3610

15.6

Unknown

1106

1.9

217

4.0

534

1.6

355

1.5

Singleton

Yes

59,862

96.6

5519

96.1

32,068

96.7

22,274

96.0

No

2171

3.4

222

3.9

1031

3.3

919

4.0

ARVs during pregnancy

None, HIV+

11,938

4.3

N/A

11,938

51.5

<4wks

2716

1.0

2716

11.7

≥4wks

8539

3.1

8539

36.8

None, HIV-

38,840

91.6

N/A

Facility ownership

Government

55,583

89.6

5476

95.3

29,447

88.1

20,660

89.1

CHAM

6450

10.4

265

4.7

3652

11.9

2533

10.9

Facility location

Rural

47,215

80.4

4936

86.2

26,660

80.8

15,619

67.3

Urban

14,818

19.6

805

13.8

6439

19.2

7574

32.7

  1. aOR adjusted odds ratio, OPL obstructed/prolonged labor, RU Ruptured Uterus, LBW Low Birth Weight, ARVs antiretrovirals, CHAM Christian Health Association of Malawi