Table 6 Enablers and barriers of support for women with GDM about maintaining optimal CBG control?
Domains and Definitions | Enablers | Barriers |
|---|---|---|
Beliefs about consequences Refers to a woman’s expectation to sharing her diagnosis of GDM with others | - telling others about GDM diagnosis gains valuable support | Not telling others about GDM diagnosis because: - concern for other family members - being judged by family, friends and work colleagues - being told what and what not to eat |
Reinforcement Refers to a woman’s ability to reinforce skills and coping strategies for self-support in maintaining optimal glycaemic control | - continuing with food diary, feeling better - photos of food eaten instead of written food dairy - self-rewards with non-food items - documenting CBG results - activities connected with family fun | |
Environmental context and resources Refers to a woman’s ability to have access to learning resources and professional services for optimal glycaemic control | - written information in first language - visual information - informative websites - partner and extended family able to attend teaching or clinic sessions - work colleagues enquiring and providing healthy food options - efficient clinic appointment system - health professional phone support - free health shuttle for appointments - hospital crèche - stickers with healthy GDM messages encourages adherence to healthy food and exercises | - health professional impatient - health professionals inconsistent with advice - not seeing the same health professional twice - long waiting times at clinic - not taught in first language - unable to write the food dairy in first language - no visual information available - website information random and scary - poor parking facilities - no transport available - unable to pay for petrol - no child care support - restaurants unable provide an ingredients list for meals - partner and extended family provide unhealthy meals |
Social influences Refers to a woman’s access to social interaction to learning/reinforcing optimal glycaemic control | - social media (Facebook) - sharing recipes - group teaching - meeting other women with GDM - partner, family, and friend’s interest - work colleagues support | - unsupportive family members and workplaces - no social media groups or support groups in NZ - not knowing anyone with GDM - unable to perform testing in public - told what to eat by family members |