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Table 2 Opportunity to detect malignancy during pregnancy

From: Malignancy during pregnancy in Japan: an exceptional opportunity for early diagnosis

Malignancy during pregnancy

number of cases (%)

Cervical cancer (n = 162)

 screening Pap cytology

149 (92.0%)

 abnormal vaginal bleeding

11 (6.8%)

 abnormal vaginal discharge

1 (0.6%)

 abdomino-pelvic pain

1 (0.6%)

Ovarian cancer (n = 16)

 ultrasonography (routine prenatal care)

10 (62.5%)

 incidental (during cesarian section)

3 (18.8%)

 abdominal distension

2 (12.5%)

 abnormal lymphadenopathy

1 (6.3%)

Breast cancer (n = 14)

 self-detection of a palpable mass

13 (92.9%)

 health care screening

1 (7.1%)