Exercise training during pregnancy reduces circulating insulin levels in overweight/obese women postpartum: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial (the ETIP trial)

Table 3 Outcomes at three months postpartum. “Intention to treat” analysis, observed data, for the exercise and the control group and comparison between groups are presented in number of participants (N), percentage (%), odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-value

Outcomes at postpartum	Exercise group n = 36	Control group n = 34	Between-Group Comparison
	n (%)	n (%)	Odds Ratio	95% CI	p-value
Type 2 diabetes	0 (0)	3 (9.1)	4.96	0.46, ∞	0.19
Hypertension	3 (8.8)	3 (10.0)	1.17	0.15, 9.30	1.00
Physical activity ≥ 150 min/week^a	21 (72.4)	22 (78.6)	1.17	0.68, 2.02	0.76
Exercise training^b	13 (46.4)	7 (25.0)	0.39	0.12,1.19	0.16
Exclusively breastfeeding	18 (60.0)	21 (77.8)	1.44	0.90, 2.31	0.17
Breastfeeding 3–4 meals/24 h	4 (13.3)	1 (3.7)	0.63	0.37, 1.05	0.36

Missing: Type 2 diabetes: Exercise group 1 missing, control group 1 missing. Hypertension: Exercise group 1 missing, control group 4 missing. Physical activity questionnaire: Exercise group 7 missing, control group 6 missing. Lactating questionnaire: Exercise group 6 missing, control group 7 missing
Statistics: Type 2 diabetes and hypertension were analysed by exact logistic regression Model. Data on physical activity and breastfeeding are based on a self-reported questionnaire and were analysed by Fisher’s Exact test
Definitions: Type 2 diabetes: Fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l or 2 h concentration ≥ 11.1 mmol/l, according to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO). Hypertension: Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90
^aPhysical activity ≥150 min/week: 30 min of daily physical activity
^bExercise training ≥90 min with moderate intensity and/or ≥45 min with high intensity per week

ISSN: 1471-2393