Table 1 Prenatal and perinatal outcome of fetuses with levocardia and dextrocardia
Characteristics | Fetus with levocardia (n = 38) | Fetus with dextrocardia (n = 65) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Baseline demographics | |||
Maternal age, y | 26.7 ± 5.2 | 27.1 ± 4.5 | 0.69 |
Nulliparity, n (%) | 24 (63.1%) | 51 (78.5%) | 0.11 |
Singleton, n (%) | 35 (92.1%) | 61 (89.7%) | 0.71 |
ART, n (%) | 6 (15.8%) | 10 (15.4%) | 1.0 |
Family history of CHD, n (%) | 8 (21.1%) | 12 (18.5%) | 0.79 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 15 (39.5%) | 24 (36.9%) | 0.84 |
Gestational age at diagnosis, wk | 22.4 ± 1.5 | 22.6 ± 1.3 | 0.32 |
EFW, g | 540.5 ± 135.7 | 555.0 ± 105.0 | 0.55 |
Sex: Males, n (%) | 29 (76.3%) | 42 (64.6%) | 0.27 |
Gestational age at birth, wk | 38.3 ± 2.6 | 39.5 ± 2.3 | 0.64 |
Birth weight, g | 2817.2 ± 246.3 | 2789.4 ± 209.3 | 0.59 |
Prenatal features | |||
Abnormal situs | |||
Left stomach, n (%) | 0 | 15 (23.1%) | P < 0.01 |
Right stomach, n (%) | 38 (100%) | 50 (76.9%) | P < 0.01 |
Midline liver, n (%) | 24 (63.2%) | 39 (60%) | 0.83 |
Juxtaposition of aorta and IVC, n (%) | 30 (78.9%) | 32 (49.2%) | P < 0.01 |
Cardiovascular issue | |||
Without defect, n (%) | 2 (5.3%) | 0 | 0.13 |
Any defect, n (%) | 36 (94.7%) | 65 (100%) | 0.13 |
Interrupted IVC, n (%) | 7 (18.4%) | 18 (27.7%) | 0.35 |
Abnormal SVC, n (%) | 9 (23.7%) | 36 (55.4%) | P < 0.01 |
APVC, n (%) | 9 (23.7%) | 35 (53.8%) | P < 0.01 |
AVSD, n (%) | 20 (52.6%) | 40 (61.5%) | 0.41 |
Common atrium, n (%) | 15 (39.5%) | 24 (36.9%) | 0.83 |
Univentricular physiology, n (%) | 25 (65.8%) | 16 (24.6%) | P < 0.01 |
TGA, n (%) | 14 (36.8%) | 4 (6.1%) | P < 0.01 |
DORV, n (%) | 4 (10.5%) | 37 (56.9%) | P < 0.01 |
DOLV, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.5%) | 1.0 |
Truncus arteriosus, n (%) | 2 (5.3%) | 0 | 0.13 |
RV outlet obstruction, n (%) | 25 (65.8%) | 41 (63.1%) | 0.83 |
LV outlet obstruction, n (%) | 1 (2.6%) | 11 (16.9%) | P < 0.05 |
Aortic arch anomaly, n (%) | 6 (15.8%) | 6 (9.2%) | 0.35 |
Arrhythmias, n (%) | 4 (10.5%) | 17 (26.1%) | 0.08 |
Extracardiac issue | |||
Without malformation, n (%) | 35 (92.1%) | 59 (90.8%) | 1.0 |
Any malformation, n (%) | 3 (7.9%) | 6 (9.2%) | 1.0 |
Esophageal atresia, n (%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0 | 0.37 |
Intestinal atresia, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.5%) | 1.0 |
Duodenal atresia, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.5%) | 1.0 |
Hernia, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.5%) | 1.0 |
Renal lesion, n (%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (1.5%) | 1.0 |
Single UA, n (%) | 2 (5.3%) | 3 (4.6%) | 1.0 |
Bone malformation, n (%) | 0 | 2 (3.1%) | 0.53 |
Hydrops, n (%) | 3 (7.9%) | 9 (13.8%) | 0.53 |
Chromosomal anomalies, n (%) | 4 (10.5%) | 5 (7.7%) | 0.72 |
Perinatal outcome | |||
IUFD, n (%) | 7 (18.4%) | 12 (18.5%) | 1.0 |
TOP, n (%) | 11 (28.9%) | 24 (36.9%) | 0.52 |
Live birth, n (%) | 20 (52.7%) | 29 (44.6%) | 0.54 |