Table 1 Demographic information and pregnancy characteristics of participants
Case(n = 153) | Control(n = 480) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean Maternal Age (years) (std) a | 31 (5.4) | 30 (4.8) | 0.52 |
Missing | n = 5 | n = 20 | |
Maternal Race/Ethnicity | |||
Caucasian | 79.7% (n = 122) | 90.2% ( n = 430) | 0.0002 |
Hispanic | 3.3% (n = 5) | 3.8% ( n = 18) | |
Other | 17.0% ( n = 26) | 6.0% ( n = 29) | |
Missing | 0 | 3 | |
Median Maternal BMI (kg/m 2 ) (IQR) a | 27.1 (23–32.3) | 25.2 (22.5–31) | 0.07 * |
Missing | ( n = 0) | (n = 18) | |
Median Gestational Age (weeks) (IQR) | 37 (34–39) | 37 (32–39) | 0.20 * |
Missing | (n = 0) | (n = 4) | |
Country | 0.0012 | ||
United States | 79.7% ( n = 122) | 68.7% ( n = 325) | |
Canada | 7.2% ( n = 11) | 7.0% ( n = 33) | |
United Kingdom | 5.2% ( n = 8) | 18.4% ( n = 87) | |
Other | 7.8% (n = 12) | 5.9% ( n = 28) | |
Missing | (n = 0) | ( n = 7) | |
Highest Level of Education | 0.63 | ||
Postdoctoral education | 0% (n = 0) | 1.3% ( n = 6) | |
Doctorate Degree | 2.0% (n = 3) | 5.0% ( n = 24) | |
Masters Degree | 20.9% (n = 32) | 20.8% ( n = 99) | |
Bachelors Degree | 37.3% ( n = 57) | 36.9% ( n = 176) | |
Technical/Trade School | 3.9% (n = 6) | 3.6% (n = 17) | |
Associates Degree | 9.8% (n = 15) | 8.0% ( n = 38) | |
High School Diploma | 20.9% (n = 32) | 18.2% (n = 87) | |
Some High School | 1.3% (n = 2) | 2.5% (n = 12) | |
Other | 3.9% (n = 6) | 3.8% (n = 18) | |
Missing | (n = 0) | (n = 3) | |
Employment During Pregnancy | 0.09 | ||
Work outside the home (full/part time) | 67.1% ( n = 102) | 60.4% ( n = 288) | |
Work at home (full/part time) | 5.9% (n = 9) | 7.8% ( n = 37) | |
Stay at Home Mom | 15.8% (n = 24) | 24.5% ( n = 117) | |
Other | 7.2% (n = 11) | 4.0% ( n = 19) | |
Unemployed | 4.0% (n = 6) | 3.4% ( n = 16) | |
Missing | (n = 1) | (n = 3) | |
High-risk pregnancy | 24.8% (n = 38) | 35.0% ( n = 168) | 0.025 |
Medical condition diagnosed before pregnancy | 3.3% (n = 5) | 7.9% (n = 38) | |
Medical condition diagnosed during pregnancy | 12.4% (n = 19) | 8.1% ( n = 39) | |
Previous pregnancy complication | 3.3% (n = 5) | 7.1% ( n = 34) | |
Previous pregnancy loss | 5.9% (n = 9) | 11.9% (n = 57) | |