Table 3 Bivariate and multivariate multinomial logistic models predicting daughter’s sexual and contraceptive experience, in relation to daughter having no sexual experience by 2009 (n = 648)
From: Do the status and empowerment of mothers predict their daughters’ reproductive outcomes?
Daughter had sex and has not used contraception | Daughter had sex and has used contraception | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted relative risk | Adjusted relative risk | Unadjusted relative risk | Adjusted relative risk | |||||
Unadjusted | 95% CI | Adjusted | 95% CI | Unadjusted | 95% CI | Adjusted | 95% CI | |
Mother’s status and empowerment | ||||||||
Mother’s age: < 35 years (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
35–44 years | 0.61† | (0.34–1.08) | 0.63 | 0.34–1.18 | 0.69 | (0.43–1.10) | 0.63† | 0.34–1.18 |
45+ years | 0.52† | (0.24–1.11) | 0.49 | 0.21–1.18 | 0.53* | (0.29–0.96) | 0.41** | 0.21–0.81 |
Mother’s education: ≤ eElementary (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
> eElementary | 0.58* | (0.35–0.97) | 1.04 | 0.55–1.98 | 0.70† | (0.48–1.04) | 0.97 | 0.59–1.60 |
Number of living children (1994) | 1.11† | (0.99–1.26) | 1.05 | 0.91–1.21 | 1.11* | (1.01–1.22) | 1.11† | 0.99–1.24 |
Number of joint household decisions | 0.99 | (0.90–1.10) | 0.98 | 0.88–1.09 | 0.98 | (0.91–1.06) | 0.98 | 0.90–1.07 |
Mother, child, and household are well-kept | 0.45** | (0.27–0.75) | 0.55* | 0.31–1.00 | 0.56** | (0.38–0.84) | 0.72 | 0.46–1.13 |
Father gives all earnings to mother | 0.98 | (0.55–1.76) | 0.92 | 0.49–1.71 | 0.84 | (0.53–1.32) | 0.83 | 0.51–1.34 |
Age difference: Father ≤ 5 years older (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
Father > 5 years older | 1.09 | (0.53–2.22) | 1.05 | 0.50–2.21 | 1.36 | (0.78–2.40) | 1.30 | 0.72–2.34 |
Mother is same age or older | 0.81 | (0.46–1.42) | 0.95 | 0.51–1.78 | 1.18 | (0.76–1.82) | 1.49 | 0.92–2.40 |
Educational difference: Mother/father have equal education (+/– 1 year; ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
Father has ≥ 2 years | 1.05 | (0.58–1.90) | 1.16 | 0.62–2.16 | 0.99 | (0.62–1.60) | 1.05 | 0.64–1.74 |
Mother has ≥ 2 years | 0.59† | (0.31–1.11) | 0.62 | 0.31–1.22 | 0.65† | (0.40–1.05) | 0.72 | 0.43–1.20 |
Household characteristicsa | ||||||||
Residence: Rural (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
Urban | 0.87 | (0.52–1.48) | 1.04 | 0.57–1.89 | 1.27 | (0.83–1.94) | 1.47 | 0.91–2.38 |
Household wealth: Low (0–2 items) (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
Medium 3–5 items | 0.71 | (0.38–1.31) | 0.97 | 0.49–1.90 | 0.91 | (0.56–1.48) | 1.04 | 0.61–1.78 |
High 6–12 items | 0.52* | (0.28–0.95) | 1.25 | 0.57–2.73 | 0.64† | (0.40–1.02) | 1.02 | 0.55–1.86 |
Index child (1998 and 2009) | ||||||||
Reported not being close to mother (1998) | 1.09 | (0.54–2.21) | 1.06 | 0.50-2.24 | 1.40 | (0.81–2.42) | 1.25 | 0.77–2.10 |
Reported discussing 3+ topics with mother (1998) | 1.46 | (0.82–2.60) | 1.62 | 0.87-3.02 | 1.19 | (0.74–1.90) | 1.27 | 0.77–2.10 |
Completed education (2009): Elementary (ref) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
Secondary | 0.20* | (0.06–0.73) | 0.24* | 0.06–0.90 | 0.31† | (0.09–1.04) | 0.35 | 0.10–1.23 |
Post-secondary | 0.08*** | (0.02–0.29) | 0.09*** | 0.02–0.39 | 0.17** | (0.05–0.56) | 0.20* | 0.06–0.74 |