Prevalence and predictors of early gestational weight gain associated with obesity risk in a diverse Australian antenatal population: a cross-sectional study

Table 5 Multivariate analysis of maternal sociodemographic factors and excess gestational weight gain

	Odds ratio	95% CI	p value
Age (years)
16–24 years	0.91	0.70–1.19	0.50
25–34 years	Ref
≥ 35	0.85	0.67–1.09	0.20
Maternal body mass index (kg/m²)
Normal weight (18.5–24.9)	Ref
Underweight (< 18.5)	0.77	0.50–1.20	0.26
Overweight (25–29.9)	1.69	1.33–2.14	< 0.005
Obese (> 30)	1.64	1.20–2.24	0.002
Smoking
Non-smoker	Ref
Current smoker	0.96	0.60–1.53	0.86
Maternal ethnicity
Caucasian	Ref
Asian	0.90	0.70–1.15	0.40
Middle Eastern/Africa	1.26	0.89–1.80	0.20
Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander	1.0	0.47–2.12	0.99
Pacific Islander/Maori	1.13	0.68–1.87	0.65
South American (Latino)	0.62	0.26–1.49	0.28
Maternal religion
Christian	Ref
Other (Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish)	0.79	0.57–1.12	0.18
Muslim	1.02	0.72–1.42	0.92
No religion	1.01	0.79–1.27	0.97
Socio-economic status
High	Ref
Medium	1.17	0.86–1.59	0.32
Low	1.89	1.49–2.41	< 0.005

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