Table 2 Changes in the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy (N = 575)

Vegetables at dinner ≥ daily

22.2

17.9–26.6

22.3

17.9–26.7

0.1

0.75^†

  ≤ 13 years education

17.1

10.8–23.5

17.4

11.0–23.8

0.1

  > 13 years education

27.4

21.8–32.9

27.2

21.6–32.8

0.2

0.81^‡

 BMI <25

20.7

15.9–25.4

21.5

16.8–26.3

0.8

 BMI ≥25

23.8

17.1–30.5

23.1

16.4–29.9

−0.7

0.39^‡

 Age < 25

21.1

14.0–28.3

20.8

13.6–28.0

−0.3

 Age ≥ 25

23.3

18.5–28.2

23.8

18.9–28.8

0.5

0.70^‡

Vegetables on sandwich ≥ daily

13.2

9.5–16.9

17.2

13.2–21.2

4.0

<0.01^†

  ≤ 13 years education

13.1

7.7–18.4

18.3

12.5–24.2

5.2

  > 13 years education

13.3

8.7–18.0

16.0

10.9–21.1

2.7

0.26^‡

 BMI <25

13.8

9.8–17.8

16.8

12.4–21.2

3.0

 BMI ≥25

12.7

7.0–18.3

17.5

11.3–23.7

4.8

0.40^‡

 Age < 25

9.6

3.5–15.6

11.7

5.0–18.3

2.1

 Age ≥ 25

16.8

12.7–21.0

22.7

18.1–27.2

5.9

0.12^‡

Other vegetables ≥ daily

10.8

7.5–14.0

14.4

10.7–18.2

3.6

0.01^†

  ≤ 13 years education

9.5

4.7–14.2

12.3

6.8–17.8

2.8

  > 13 years education

12.1

7.9–16.2

16.6

11.8–21.4

4.5

0.54^‡

 BMI <25

12.6

9.0–16.2

16.0

11.9–20.1

3.4

 BMI ≥25

8.9

3.8–14.0

12.9

7.1–18.7

4.0

0.83^‡

 Age < 25

11.5

6.0–16.9

13.8

7.6–20.0

2.3

 Age ≥ 25

10.1

6.4–13.8

15.1

10.8–19.3

5.0

0.38^‡

Fruits^b ≥ daily

23.8

19.2–28.3

41.2

36.1–46.2

17.4

<0.01^†

  ≤ 13 years education

20.4

13.8–27.0

36.2

28.9–43.6

15.8

  > 13 years education

27.1

21.4–32.9

46.1

39.7–52.5

19.0

0.46^‡

 BMI <25

25.9

20.9–30.8

46.1

40.6–51.6

20.2

 BMI ≥25

21.7

14.7–28.7

36.2

28.4–44.0

14.5

0.15^‡

 Age < 25

20.9

13.4–28.3

38.3

29.9–46.6

17.4

 Age ≥ 25

26.7

21.6–31.8

44.1

38.4–49.7

17.4

0.99^‡

Other fruits^c/berries ≥ daily

7.7

4.8–10.6

15.0

11.4–18.7

7.3

<0.01^†

  ≤ 13 years education

8.9

4.8–13.0

16.2

10.8–21.6

7.3

  > 13 years education

6.5

2.9–10.2

13.8

9.2–18.5

7.3

0.99^‡

 BMI <25

9.6

6.5–12.7

16.6

12.6–20.6

7.0

 BMI ≥25

5.8

1.4–10.2

13.5

7.8–19.1

7.7

0.80^‡

 Age < 25

6.7

2.0–11.4

15.2

9.1–21.2

8.5

 Age ≥ 25

8.7

5.5–11.9

14.9

10.7–19.0

6.2

0.43^‡

Fruits/vegetables as snacks ≥ daily

13.9

10.2–17.6

27.9

23.1–32.6

14.0

<0.01^†

  ≤ 13 years education

12.8

7.4–18.1

25.6

18.7–32.6

12.8

  > 13 years education

15.1

10.4–19.8

30.1

24.1–36.2

15.0

0.59^‡

 BMI <25

15.8

11.8–19.8

31.1

25.9–36.3

15.3

 BMI ≥25

12.0

6.3–17.7

24.7

17.3–32.0

12.7

0.51^‡

 Age < 25

13.5

7.4–19.6

23.0

15.2–30.8

9.5

 Age ≥ 25

14.4

10.2–18.5

32.7

27.4–38.1

18.3

0.04^‡