Table 2 Differentials in maternal health utilization by socio-demographic factors and health facility utilization
| Â | Health facility delivery | ANC four-time attendance | Newborn death | Low birth weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Religion | ||||
 Catholica | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Muslim | 0.80 (0.62–1.03) | 0.87 (0.68–1.11) | 1.44 (0.68–3.05) | 1.04 (0.81–1.33) |
 Protestant | 1.04 (0.86–1.27) | 1.03 (0.85–1.24) | 0.62 (0.32–1.21) | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) |
 Others | 1.10 (0.85–1.44) | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) | 1.86 (0.92–3.76) | 0.91 (0.71–1.18) |
Marital status | ||||
 No marrieda | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Married | 0.95 (0.67–1.36) | 1.24 (0.90–1.72) | 0.65 (0.25–1.69) | 0.81 (0.58–1.12) |
Education | ||||
 Nonea | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Primary | 1.25 (0.87–1.80) | 1.34 (0.96–1.88) | 1.48 (0.57–3.84) | 0.63 (0.44–0.90)* |
 Post primary | 1.22 (0.98–1.53) | 1.15 (0.94–1.41) | 0.34 (0.13–0.88)* | 0.75 (0.61–0.93)* |
Occupation | ||||
 Businessa | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Peasant | 0.88 (0.60–1.30) | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) | 0.44 (0.18–1.06) | 1.27 (0.88–1.85) |
 Salaried worker | 2.65 (1.11–6.33)* | 1.82 (0.91–3.64) | 2.33 (0.54–9.97) | 0.23 (0.09–0.59)* |
Age group | ||||
 15–19a | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 20–24 | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 1.21 (0.98–1.51) | 0.61 (0.27–1.38) | 0.98 (0.69–1.39) |
 25–29 | 0.91 (0.71–1.15) | 1.21 (0.97–1.52) | 0.62 (0.26–1.50) | 0.40 (0.25–0.64)* |
 30–34 | 0.98 (0.74–1.28) | 1.01 (0.78–1.31) | 0.97 (0.40–2.33) | 0.99 (0.65–1.50) |
 35–39 | 1.41 (0.99–1.99) | 0.69 (0.51–0.93)* | 1.26 (0.49–3.25) | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) |
 40+ | 0.79 (0.49–1.27) | 0.61 (0.38–0.95)* | 0.59 (0.08–4.36) | 1.04 (0.48–2.22) |
Had a history of newborn death | ||||
 Noa | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 1.02 (0.67–1.56) | 0.81 (0.55–1.19) | 12.62 (6.49–24.57)* | 1.38 (0.93–2.04) |
Attended at least 4 ANC visits | ||||
 Noa | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 1.42 (1.17–1.75)* | – | 0.83 (0.44–1.57) | 0.62 (0.45–0.84)* |
Attended ANC Early | ||||
 Noa | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 0.95 (0.77–1.17) | 3.27 (2.61–4.10)* | 0.54 (0.25–1.18) | 0.88 (0.64–1.24) |
Received VHT visit while pregnant | ||||
 Noa | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
 Yes | 1.31 (1.06–1.61)* | 1.27 (1.05–1.55)* | – | 1.03 (0.76–1.42) |
Saved for money maternal health services | ||||
 Noa | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | – |
 Yes | 1.77 (1.18–2.64)* | 1.04 (0.71–1.40) | – | – |
Gravida | ||||
 Onea | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Two | 0.86 (0.60–1.24) | 0.98 (0.70–1.36) | 1.15 (0.50–2.62) | 1.1 (0.85–1.43) |
 Three | 0.74 (0.51–1.06) | 1.03 (0.74–1.44) | 0.81 (0.31–2.08) | 0.8 (0.61–1.05) |
 Four | 0.84 (0.57–1.25) | 1.31 (0.91–1.89) | 0.84 (0.30–2.38) | 1.06 (0.79–1.42) |
 Five and above | 0.72 (0.53–0.97)* | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) | 0.75 (0.39–1.45) | 1.1 (0.91–1.33) |
Gestational age at birth | ||||
 5–6Months | – | – | 12.01 (3.85–37.47)* | – |
 7Monthsa | – | – | 1.00 | – |
 8Months | – | – | 0.66 (0.23–1.87) | – |
 9Mmonths | – | – | 0.43 (0.22–0.85)* | – |
Type of Transport used to the health facility | ||||
 Motorcyclea | – | – | 1.00 | – |
 Vehicle | – | – | 2.07 (1.09–3.94)* | – |
 foot/bicycle | – | – | 1.25 (0.65–2.42) | – |
Low birth weight | ||||
 Noa |  |  | 1.00 | – |
 Yes |  |  | 5.56 (2.70–11.44) | – |
Delivered in the health facility | ||||
 Noa | – | – | 1.00 | – |
 Yes | – | – | 1.28 (0.62–2.63) | – |
Received VHT visits after delivery | ||||
 Noa | – | – | 1.00 | – |
 Yes | – | – | 0.45 (0.2–1.07) | – |
Baby experienced danger signs | ||||
 Noa | – | – | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | – | – | 0.87 (0.45–1.68) |  |
Mother experienced danger signs | ||||
 Noa | – | – | 1.00 | – |
 Yes | – | – | 1.22 (0.65–2.29) | – |