Reference | Study design | Source of data and sample size | Definition of exclusive breastfeeding | Indicator measure | Reported EBF rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peer reviewed publications | |||||
Chandrashekhar et al. [39] | cross-sectional | primary data (n = 385) | nothing else (except medicines) but breast milk | recall-since-birth | 82.3% among <2 months infants |
Subba et al. [40] | cross-sectional | primary data (n = 168) | not detailed | not reported | 60.5% at 5th month |
Subedi et al. [37] | cross-sectional | primary data (n = 261) | WHO, 2007 definition | recall at 6–23 month | 81.6% upto 6 months |
Ulak et al. [38] | cross-sectional | primary data (n = 325) | WHO, 2007 definition | recall-at-9th month | at 1st, 3rd and 6th months were 74%, 24% and 9% |
Khanal et al. [16] | cross-sectional | NDHS 2006 (n = 482) and NDHS 2011 (n = 227) | WHO, 2007 definition | 24-h recall | 53.2% in 2006 and 66.3% in 2011 among 0–5 month infants |
Locks et al. [41] | cross-sectional (subset of randomized control trial) | primary data (n = 750) | not reported | 24-h recall | 65% among 0–5 month infants |
Karkee et al. [28] | cohort | primary data (n = 639) | given breastmilk only without any other feeds (aside from medications) since birth | recall-since-birth | 84.4% during first month, 67.2% during 3 months, and 29.7% EBF at 6th month |
National surveys | |||||
Ministry of Health and Population et al. (2001) (NDHS 2001) [26] | cross-sectional | primary data (n = 648) | WHO, 1991 definition | 24-h recall | 68.3% among 0–5 month infants |
Ministry of Health and Population et al. [27] (NDHS 2006) | cross-sectional | primary data (n = 477) | WHO,1991a | 24-h recall | 53.0% among 0–5 month infants |
Ministry of Health and Population et al. [25] (NDHS 2011) | cross-sectional | primary data (n = 537) | WHO, 1991 | 24-h recall | 69.6% among 0–5 month infants |
Central Bureau of Statistics et al. (2010) (MICS) [30] | cross-sectional | primary data (n = 452) | WHO, 2007 definitiona | 24-h recall | 63.9% among 0–5 month infants |