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Table 3 Good-SRHa and poor-SRHb in relation to background variables. Univariable logistic regression analysisc for poor-SRH in relation to background variables at three timesd

From: Self-reported pregnancy-related health problems and self-rated health status in Rwandan women postpartum: a population-based cross-sectional study

 

SRH at day one after delivery

SRH at one month after delivery

SRH at the time of the interview

 

Good-SRH

Poor-SRH

Crude OR and its 95 % CI

Good-SRH

Poor-SRH

Crude OR and its 95 % CI

Good-SRH

Poor-SRH

Crude OR and its 95 % CI

Women’s age (years)

  < 25

198 (67.6 %)

97 (32.4 %)

1.02 (0.75–1.38)

265 (89.8 %)

30 (10.2 %)

1.93 (1.12–3.32) e

263 (89.8 %)

30 (10.2 %)

0.82 (0.51–1.31)

 25–34

329 (67.1 %)

158 (32.9 %)

1

461 (94.5 %)

27 (5.5 %)

1

427 (87.9 %)

59 (12.1 %)

1

  ≥ 35

96 (70.6 %)

40 (29.4 %)

0.86 (0.57–1.31)

122 (89.7 %)

14 (10.3 %)

1.95 (0.99–3.85)

118 (86.8 %)

18 (13.2 %)

1.10 (0.62–1.94)

Place of delivery

 At health facility

589 (67.5 %)

283 (32.5 %)

1

806 (92.4 %)

66 (7.6 %)

1

772 (89.0 %)

95 (11.0 %)

1

 At home or on the way to health facility

33 (73.3 %)

12 (26.7 %)

0.75 (0.38–1.48)

40 (87.0 %)

6 (13.0 %)

1.83 (0.74–4.47)

36 (76.6 %)

11 (23.4 %)

2.48 (1.22–5.04)

Mode of delivery

 Vaginal (with or without instruments)

569 (71.1 %)

231 (28.9 %)

1

746 (93.1 %)

55 (6.9 %)

1

699 (87.7 %)

98 (12.3 %)

1

 Caesarean Section

46 (41.4 %)

65 (58.6 %)

3.48 (2.31–5.23)

95 (85.6 %)

16 (14.4 %)

2.28 (1.25–4.14)

102 (91.9 %)

9 (8.1 %)

0.62 (0.30–1.28)

Hypertension during pregnancy and delivery

 No

602 (69.2 %)

268 (30.8 %)

1

808 (92.8 %)

63 (7.2 %)

1

767 (88.5 %)

100 (11.5 %)

1

 Yes

21 (42.9 %)

28 (57.1 %)

2.99 (1.67–5.37)

40 (81.6 %)

9 (18.4 %)

2.88 (1.34–6.21)

42 (85.7 %)

7 (14.3 %)

1.27 (0.55–2.92)

Convulsions during pregnancy, delivery and post partum

 No

604 (68.3 %)

280 (31.7 %)

1

819 (92.5 %)

66 (7.5 %)

1

782 (88.7 %)

100 (11.3 %)

1

 Yes

19 (54.3 %)

16 (45.7 %)

1.81 (0.92–3.58)

29 (82.9 %)

6 (17.1 %)

2.56 (1.02–6.40)

27 (79.4 %)

7 (20.6 %)

2.02 (0.86–4.77)

Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy

 No

608 (67.6 %)

291 (32.4 %)

1

828 (92.0 %)

72 (8.0 %)

1

791 (88.3 %)

105 (11.7 %)

1

 Yes

15 (75.0 %)

5 (25.0 %)

0.69 (0.25–1.93)

20 (100.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

0.000

18 (90.0 %)

2 (10.0 %)

0.83 (0.19–3.65)

Anaemia during pregnancy

 No

542 (69.4 %)

239 (30.6 %)

1

729 (93.2 %)

53 (6.8 %)

1

711 (91.4 %)

67 (8.6 %)

1

 Yes

81 (58.7 %)

57 (41.3 %)

1.59 (1.10–2.31)

119 (86.2 %)

19 (13.8 %)

2.19 (1.25–3.84)

98 (71.0 %)

40 (29.0 %)

4.33 (2.77–6.75)

Marital status

 Married or cohabiting

514 (66.6 %)

258 (33.4 %)

1

712 (92.1 %)

61 (7.9 %)

1

687 (89.2 %)

83 (10.8 %)

1

 Unmarried or single or widow or separated

108 (74.0 %)

38 (26.0 %)

1.42 (0.95–2.12)

135 (92.5 %)

11 (7.5 %)

1.05 (0.53–2.05)

121 (83.4 %)

24 (16.6 %)

0.60 (0.37–0.99)

Age at marriage (years)

  < 20

170 (69.7 %)

74 (30.3 %)

1

227 (93.0 %)

17 (7.0 %)

1

212 (86.9 %)

32 (13.1 %)

1

  ≥ 20

365 (65.4 %)

193 (34.6 %)

1.21 (0.87–1.67)

511 (91.4 %)

48 (8.6 %)

1.25 (0.70–2.22)

496 (89.2 %)

60 (10.8 %)

0.81 (0.50–1.26)

Number of births

 1

185 (67.8 %)

88 (32.2 %)

1

253 (92.7 %)

20 (7.3 %)

1

248 (91.2 %)

24 (8.8 %)

1

 2–4

258 (64.7 %)

141 (35.3 %)

1.14 (0.82–1.59)

368 (92.0 %)

32 (8.0 %)

1.10 (0.61–1.96)

351 (88.2 %)

47 (11.8 %)

1.38 (0.82–2.32)

  > 4

160 (74.4 %)

55 (25.6 %)

0.72 (0.48–1.07)

197 (91.6 %)

18 (8.4 %)

1.15 (0.59–2.24)

182 (84.7 %)

33 (15.3 %)

1.87 (1.07–3.27)

Discharge time (days)

  < 3

345 (72.8 %)

129 (27.2 %)

NAf

435 (91.8 %)

39 (8.2 %)

1

422 (89.4 %)

50 (10.6 %)

1

 3

189 (69.2 %)

84 (30.8 %)

261 (95.6 %)

12 (4.4 %)

0.51 (0.26–0.99)

235 (86.4 %)

37 (13.6 %)

1.83 (0.42–7.90)

 4–7

61 (51.3 %)

58 (48.7 %)

109 (91.6 %)

10 (8.4 %)

1.02 (0.49–2.11)

104 (88.9 %)

13 (11.1 %)

2.44 (0.56–10.62)

>7

13 (39.4 %)

20 (60.6 %)

25 (75.8 %)

8 (24.2 %)

3.56 (1.50–8.44)

31 (93.9 %)

1 (6.1 %)

1.93 (0.41–9.05)

Handicapping complication

 No

609 (69.0 %)

274 (31.0 %)

1

820 (92.8 %)

64 (7.2 %)

1

782 (88.9 %)

17 (1.9 %)

1

 Yes

14 (38.9 %)

22 (61.1 %)

3.49 (1.76–6.92)

28 (77.8 %)

8 (22.2 %)

3.66 (1.60–8.36)

27 (75.0 %)

9 (25.0 %)

2.66 (1.21–5.82)

Health Insurance

 Yes

511 (69.7 %)

222 (30.3 %)

1

679 (92.6 %)

54 (7.4 %)

1

650 (89.2 %)

79 (10.8 %)

1

 No

112 (60.2 %)

74 (39.8 %)

1.52 (1.09–2.12)

168 (90.4 %)

18 (9.6 %)

1.33 (0.76–2.34)

159 (85.0 %)

28 (15.0 %)

1.44 (0.91–2.30)

Women’s education

 Completed secondary level and reached university level

141 (65.3 %)

75 (34.7 %)

1

194 (89.8 %)

22 (10.2 %)

1

195 (91.1 %)

19 (8.9 %)

1

 Completed primary level

411 (67.8 %)

195 (32.2 %)

1.29 (0.80–2.09)

565 (93.1 %)

42 (6.9 %)

0.82 (0.37–1.81)

527 (87.1 %)

78 (12.9 %)

1.28 (0.64–2.58)

 No education

71 (73.2 %)

26 (26.8 %)

1.45 (0.85–2.46)

89 (91.8 %)

8 (8.2 %)

1.26 (0.54–2.94)

87 (89.7 %)

10 (10.3 %)

0.84 (0.37–1.89)

Woman occupation

 Employed

437 (67.3 %)

212 (32.7 %)

1

598 (92.0 %)

52 (8.0 %)

1

575 (88.6 %)

74 (11.4 %)

1

 Non employed

176 (68.5 %)

81 (31.5 %)

1.05 (0.77–1.43)

238 (92.6 %)

19 (7.4 %)

1.08 (0.63–1.88)

223 (87.8 %)

31 (12.2 %)

0.92 (0.59–1.44)

Infection during pregnancy

 No

610 (67.8 %)

290 (32.2 %)

1

836 (92.8 %)

65 (7.2 %)

1

797 (88.9 %)

100 (11.1 %)

1

 Yes

13 (68.4 %)

6 (31.6 %)

0.97 (0.36–2.58)

12 (63.2 %)

7 (36.8 %)

7.50 (2.85–19.70)

12 (63.2 %)

7 (36.8 %)

4.64 (1.78–12.08)

Alcohol

 No

450 (66.8 %)

224 (33.2 %)

1

616 (91.3 %)

59 (8.7 %)

1

589 (87.5 %)

84 (12.5 %)

1

 Yes

172 (70.5 %)

72 (29.5 %)

1.18 (0.86–1.63)

231 (94.7 %)

13 (5.3 %)

1.70 (0.91–3.16)

220 (90.5 %)

23 (9.5 %)

1.36 (0.83–2.21)

Smoking

 No

605 (67.5 %)

291 (32.5 %)

1

826 (92.1 %)

71 (7.9 %)

1

790 (88.5 %)

103 (11.5 %)

1

 Yes

18 (78.3 %)

5 (21.7 %)

0.57 (0.21–1.57)

22 (95.7 %)

1 (4.3 %)

0.52 (0.07–3.98)

19 (82.6 %)

4 (17.4 %)

1.61 (0.53–4.83)

Severe bleeding during pregnancy and labour

 No

606 (68.5 %)

279 (31.5 %)

1

821 (92.7 %)

65 (7.3 %)

1

780 (88.3 %)

103 (11.7 %)

1

 Yes

17 (50.0 %)

17 (50.0 %)

2.17 (1.09–4.31)

27 (79.4 %)

7 (20.6 %)

3.27 (1.37–7.80)

29 (87.9 %)

4 (12.1 %)

1.04 (0.36–3.03)

Significant blood loss after delivery

 No

576 (69.6 %)

252 (30.4 %)

1

772 (93.1 %)

57 (6.9 %)

1

737 (89.3 %)

88 (10.7 %)

1

 Yes

47 (51.6 %)

44 (48.4 %)

2.14 (1.38–3.31)

76 (83.5 %)

15 (16.5 %)

2.67 (1.44–4.94)

72 (79.1 %)

19 (20.9 %)

2.21 (1.27–3.83)

Breast feeding

 Yes

NAf

  

837 (92.3 %)

70 (7.7 %)

1

798 (88.4 %)

105 (11.6 %)

1

 No

   

4 (66.7 %)

2 (33.3 %)

5.97 (1.07–33.21)

6 (100.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

000000

Household income per month

  > 35,000 RWF

253 (69.7 %)

110 (30.3 %)

1

339 (93.4 %)

24 (6.6 %)

1

333 (91.5 %)

31 (8.5 %)

1

 17,500–35,000 RWF

164 (68.6 %)

75 (31.4 %)

1.05 (0.73–1.49)

219 (91.3 %)

21 (8.8 %)

1.35 (0.73–2.49)

208 (87.5 %)

30 (12.6 %)

1.54 (0.91–2.63)

<17,500 RWF

169 (65.5 %)

89 (34.5 %)

1.21 (0.86–1.70)

237 (91.9 %)

21 (8.1 %)

1.25 (0.68–2.30)

218 (85.5 %)

37 (14.5 %)

1.82 (1.09–3.02)

  1. aGood-SRH (Self-rated health status) includes very good and good health status categories
  2. bPoor-SRH (Self-rated health status) includes very poor and poor health status categories
  3. cUnivariable logistic regression analysis with calculation of crude odds ratio (OR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI)
  4. dThree times post partum: one day, one month after delivery, and at the time of the interview
  5. eStatistically significant odds ratios are in bold
  6. fNA: Not applicable
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