Table 3 Good-SRHa and poor-SRHb in relation to background variables. Univariable logistic regression analysisc for poor-SRH in relation to background variables at three timesd
SRH at day one after delivery | SRH at one month after delivery | SRH at the time of the interview | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good-SRH | Poor-SRH | Crude OR and its 95 % CI | Good-SRH | Poor-SRH | Crude OR and its 95 % CI | Good-SRH | Poor-SRH | Crude OR and its 95 % CI | |
Women’s age (years) | |||||||||
< 25 | 198 (67.6 %) | 97 (32.4 %) | 1.02 (0.75–1.38) | 265 (89.8 %) | 30 (10.2 %) | 1.93 (1.12–3.32) e | 263 (89.8 %) | 30 (10.2 %) | 0.82 (0.51–1.31) |
25–34 | 329 (67.1 %) | 158 (32.9 %) | 1 | 461 (94.5 %) | 27 (5.5 %) | 1 | 427 (87.9 %) | 59 (12.1 %) | 1 |
≥ 35 | 96 (70.6 %) | 40 (29.4 %) | 0.86 (0.57–1.31) | 122 (89.7 %) | 14 (10.3 %) | 1.95 (0.99–3.85) | 118 (86.8 %) | 18 (13.2 %) | 1.10 (0.62–1.94) |
Place of delivery | |||||||||
At health facility | 589 (67.5 %) | 283 (32.5 %) | 1 | 806 (92.4 %) | 66 (7.6 %) | 1 | 772 (89.0 %) | 95 (11.0 %) | 1 |
At home or on the way to health facility | 33 (73.3 %) | 12 (26.7 %) | 0.75 (0.38–1.48) | 40 (87.0 %) | 6 (13.0 %) | 1.83 (0.74–4.47) | 36 (76.6 %) | 11 (23.4 %) | 2.48 (1.22–5.04) |
Mode of delivery | |||||||||
Vaginal (with or without instruments) | 569 (71.1 %) | 231 (28.9 %) | 1 | 746 (93.1 %) | 55 (6.9 %) | 1 | 699 (87.7 %) | 98 (12.3 %) | 1 |
Caesarean Section | 46 (41.4 %) | 65 (58.6 %) | 3.48 (2.31–5.23) | 95 (85.6 %) | 16 (14.4 %) | 2.28 (1.25–4.14) | 102 (91.9 %) | 9 (8.1 %) | 0.62 (0.30–1.28) |
Hypertension during pregnancy and delivery | |||||||||
No | 602 (69.2 %) | 268 (30.8 %) | 1 | 808 (92.8 %) | 63 (7.2 %) | 1 | 767 (88.5 %) | 100 (11.5 %) | 1 |
Yes | 21 (42.9 %) | 28 (57.1 %) | 2.99 (1.67–5.37) | 40 (81.6 %) | 9 (18.4 %) | 2.88 (1.34–6.21) | 42 (85.7 %) | 7 (14.3 %) | 1.27 (0.55–2.92) |
Convulsions during pregnancy, delivery and post partum | |||||||||
No | 604 (68.3 %) | 280 (31.7 %) | 1 | 819 (92.5 %) | 66 (7.5 %) | 1 | 782 (88.7 %) | 100 (11.3 %) | 1 |
Yes | 19 (54.3 %) | 16 (45.7 %) | 1.81 (0.92–3.58) | 29 (82.9 %) | 6 (17.1 %) | 2.56 (1.02–6.40) | 27 (79.4 %) | 7 (20.6 %) | 2.02 (0.86–4.77) |
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy | |||||||||
No | 608 (67.6 %) | 291 (32.4 %) | 1 | 828 (92.0 %) | 72 (8.0 %) | 1 | 791 (88.3 %) | 105 (11.7 %) | 1 |
Yes | 15 (75.0 %) | 5 (25.0 %) | 0.69 (0.25–1.93) | 20 (100.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 0.000 | 18 (90.0 %) | 2 (10.0 %) | 0.83 (0.19–3.65) |
Anaemia during pregnancy | |||||||||
No | 542 (69.4 %) | 239 (30.6 %) | 1 | 729 (93.2 %) | 53 (6.8 %) | 1 | 711 (91.4 %) | 67 (8.6 %) | 1 |
Yes | 81 (58.7 %) | 57 (41.3 %) | 1.59 (1.10–2.31) | 119 (86.2 %) | 19 (13.8 %) | 2.19 (1.25–3.84) | 98 (71.0 %) | 40 (29.0 %) | 4.33 (2.77–6.75) |
Marital status | |||||||||
Married or cohabiting | 514 (66.6 %) | 258 (33.4 %) | 1 | 712 (92.1 %) | 61 (7.9 %) | 1 | 687 (89.2 %) | 83 (10.8 %) | 1 |
Unmarried or single or widow or separated | 108 (74.0 %) | 38 (26.0 %) | 1.42 (0.95–2.12) | 135 (92.5 %) | 11 (7.5 %) | 1.05 (0.53–2.05) | 121 (83.4 %) | 24 (16.6 %) | 0.60 (0.37–0.99) |
Age at marriage (years) | |||||||||
< 20 | 170 (69.7 %) | 74 (30.3 %) | 1 | 227 (93.0 %) | 17 (7.0 %) | 1 | 212 (86.9 %) | 32 (13.1 %) | 1 |
≥ 20 | 365 (65.4 %) | 193 (34.6 %) | 1.21 (0.87–1.67) | 511 (91.4 %) | 48 (8.6 %) | 1.25 (0.70–2.22) | 496 (89.2 %) | 60 (10.8 %) | 0.81 (0.50–1.26) |
Number of births | |||||||||
1 | 185 (67.8 %) | 88 (32.2 %) | 1 | 253 (92.7 %) | 20 (7.3 %) | 1 | 248 (91.2 %) | 24 (8.8 %) | 1 |
2–4 | 258 (64.7 %) | 141 (35.3 %) | 1.14 (0.82–1.59) | 368 (92.0 %) | 32 (8.0 %) | 1.10 (0.61–1.96) | 351 (88.2 %) | 47 (11.8 %) | 1.38 (0.82–2.32) |
> 4 | 160 (74.4 %) | 55 (25.6 %) | 0.72 (0.48–1.07) | 197 (91.6 %) | 18 (8.4 %) | 1.15 (0.59–2.24) | 182 (84.7 %) | 33 (15.3 %) | 1.87 (1.07–3.27) |
Discharge time (days) | |||||||||
< 3 | 345 (72.8 %) | 129 (27.2 %) | NAf | 435 (91.8 %) | 39 (8.2 %) | 1 | 422 (89.4 %) | 50 (10.6 %) | 1 |
3 | 189 (69.2 %) | 84 (30.8 %) | 261 (95.6 %) | 12 (4.4 %) | 0.51 (0.26–0.99) | 235 (86.4 %) | 37 (13.6 %) | 1.83 (0.42–7.90) | |
4–7 | 61 (51.3 %) | 58 (48.7 %) | 109 (91.6 %) | 10 (8.4 %) | 1.02 (0.49–2.11) | 104 (88.9 %) | 13 (11.1 %) | 2.44 (0.56–10.62) | |
>7 | 13 (39.4 %) | 20 (60.6 %) | 25 (75.8 %) | 8 (24.2 %) | 3.56 (1.50–8.44) | 31 (93.9 %) | 1 (6.1 %) | 1.93 (0.41–9.05) | |
Handicapping complication | |||||||||
No | 609 (69.0 %) | 274 (31.0 %) | 1 | 820 (92.8 %) | 64 (7.2 %) | 1 | 782 (88.9 %) | 17 (1.9 %) | 1 |
Yes | 14 (38.9 %) | 22 (61.1 %) | 3.49 (1.76–6.92) | 28 (77.8 %) | 8 (22.2 %) | 3.66 (1.60–8.36) | 27 (75.0 %) | 9 (25.0 %) | 2.66 (1.21–5.82) |
Health Insurance | |||||||||
Yes | 511 (69.7 %) | 222 (30.3 %) | 1 | 679 (92.6 %) | 54 (7.4 %) | 1 | 650 (89.2 %) | 79 (10.8 %) | 1 |
No | 112 (60.2 %) | 74 (39.8 %) | 1.52 (1.09–2.12) | 168 (90.4 %) | 18 (9.6 %) | 1.33 (0.76–2.34) | 159 (85.0 %) | 28 (15.0 %) | 1.44 (0.91–2.30) |
Women’s education | |||||||||
Completed secondary level and reached university level | 141 (65.3 %) | 75 (34.7 %) | 1 | 194 (89.8 %) | 22 (10.2 %) | 1 | 195 (91.1 %) | 19 (8.9 %) | 1 |
Completed primary level | 411 (67.8 %) | 195 (32.2 %) | 1.29 (0.80–2.09) | 565 (93.1 %) | 42 (6.9 %) | 0.82 (0.37–1.81) | 527 (87.1 %) | 78 (12.9 %) | 1.28 (0.64–2.58) |
No education | 71 (73.2 %) | 26 (26.8 %) | 1.45 (0.85–2.46) | 89 (91.8 %) | 8 (8.2 %) | 1.26 (0.54–2.94) | 87 (89.7 %) | 10 (10.3 %) | 0.84 (0.37–1.89) |
Woman occupation | |||||||||
Employed | 437 (67.3 %) | 212 (32.7 %) | 1 | 598 (92.0 %) | 52 (8.0 %) | 1 | 575 (88.6 %) | 74 (11.4 %) | 1 |
Non employed | 176 (68.5 %) | 81 (31.5 %) | 1.05 (0.77–1.43) | 238 (92.6 %) | 19 (7.4 %) | 1.08 (0.63–1.88) | 223 (87.8 %) | 31 (12.2 %) | 0.92 (0.59–1.44) |
Infection during pregnancy | |||||||||
No | 610 (67.8 %) | 290 (32.2 %) | 1 | 836 (92.8 %) | 65 (7.2 %) | 1 | 797 (88.9 %) | 100 (11.1 %) | 1 |
Yes | 13 (68.4 %) | 6 (31.6 %) | 0.97 (0.36–2.58) | 12 (63.2 %) | 7 (36.8 %) | 7.50 (2.85–19.70) | 12 (63.2 %) | 7 (36.8 %) | 4.64 (1.78–12.08) |
Alcohol | |||||||||
No | 450 (66.8 %) | 224 (33.2 %) | 1 | 616 (91.3 %) | 59 (8.7 %) | 1 | 589 (87.5 %) | 84 (12.5 %) | 1 |
Yes | 172 (70.5 %) | 72 (29.5 %) | 1.18 (0.86–1.63) | 231 (94.7 %) | 13 (5.3 %) | 1.70 (0.91–3.16) | 220 (90.5 %) | 23 (9.5 %) | 1.36 (0.83–2.21) |
Smoking | |||||||||
No | 605 (67.5 %) | 291 (32.5 %) | 1 | 826 (92.1 %) | 71 (7.9 %) | 1 | 790 (88.5 %) | 103 (11.5 %) | 1 |
Yes | 18 (78.3 %) | 5 (21.7 %) | 0.57 (0.21–1.57) | 22 (95.7 %) | 1 (4.3 %) | 0.52 (0.07–3.98) | 19 (82.6 %) | 4 (17.4 %) | 1.61 (0.53–4.83) |
Severe bleeding during pregnancy and labour | |||||||||
No | 606 (68.5 %) | 279 (31.5 %) | 1 | 821 (92.7 %) | 65 (7.3 %) | 1 | 780 (88.3 %) | 103 (11.7 %) | 1 |
Yes | 17 (50.0 %) | 17 (50.0 %) | 2.17 (1.09–4.31) | 27 (79.4 %) | 7 (20.6 %) | 3.27 (1.37–7.80) | 29 (87.9 %) | 4 (12.1 %) | 1.04 (0.36–3.03) |
Significant blood loss after delivery | |||||||||
No | 576 (69.6 %) | 252 (30.4 %) | 1 | 772 (93.1 %) | 57 (6.9 %) | 1 | 737 (89.3 %) | 88 (10.7 %) | 1 |
Yes | 47 (51.6 %) | 44 (48.4 %) | 2.14 (1.38–3.31) | 76 (83.5 %) | 15 (16.5 %) | 2.67 (1.44–4.94) | 72 (79.1 %) | 19 (20.9 %) | 2.21 (1.27–3.83) |
Breast feeding | |||||||||
Yes | NAf | 837 (92.3 %) | 70 (7.7 %) | 1 | 798 (88.4 %) | 105 (11.6 %) | 1 | ||
No | 4 (66.7 %) | 2 (33.3 %) | 5.97 (1.07–33.21) | 6 (100.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 000000 | |||
Household income per month | |||||||||
> 35,000 RWF | 253 (69.7 %) | 110 (30.3 %) | 1 | 339 (93.4 %) | 24 (6.6 %) | 1 | 333 (91.5 %) | 31 (8.5 %) | 1 |
17,500–35,000 RWF | 164 (68.6 %) | 75 (31.4 %) | 1.05 (0.73–1.49) | 219 (91.3 %) | 21 (8.8 %) | 1.35 (0.73–2.49) | 208 (87.5 %) | 30 (12.6 %) | 1.54 (0.91–2.63) |
<17,500 RWF | 169 (65.5 %) | 89 (34.5 %) | 1.21 (0.86–1.70) | 237 (91.9 %) | 21 (8.1 %) | 1.25 (0.68–2.30) | 218 (85.5 %) | 37 (14.5 %) | 1.82 (1.09–3.02) |