FGM status | FGM status | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type III | Type I/II | No | Type III | Type I/II | No | ||
n | n | n | Rate per 100 births (95 % CI) | Rate per 100 births (95 % CI) | Rate per 100 births (95 % CI) | P-value | |
Outcome | |||||||
Caesarean sectiona | |||||||
Yes | 16 | 36 | 1706 | 26.5 (16.6, 42.4) | 32.9 (24.5, 44.0) | 20.4 (19.5, 21.4) | 0.0041 |
No | 49 | 95 | 7145 | ||||
Instrumental birthsa | |||||||
Yes | 1 | 8 | 574 | 1.6 (0.2, 11.2) | 6.2 (2.9, 13.1) | 6.5 (6.0, 7.1) | 0.36 |
No | 64 | 123 | 8277 | ||||
Episiotomy (excluding anterior episiotomy) | |||||||
Yes | 7 | 17 | 946 | 10.5 (5.0, 21.8) | 12.7 (7.5, 21.5) | 10.9 (10.2, 11.5) | 0.84 |
No | 58 | 114 | 7906 | ||||
3rd and 4th degree perineal tearb | |||||||
Yes | 0 | 0 | 85 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | b |
No | 65 | 131 | 8767 | ||||
Genital tract trauma | |||||||
Yes | 4 | 2 | 99 | 6.0 (2.4, 14.8) | 1.4 (0.4, 5.6) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 0.0015 |
No | 61 | 129 | 8753 | ||||
Postpartum blood loss > 500 ml | |||||||
Yes | 1 | 7 | 615 | 1.6 (0.2, 11.6) | 5.6 (2.7, 11.4) | 7.0 (6.5, 7.6) | 0.29 |
No | 64 | 124 | 8237 | ||||
Low birth weight (<2500 g)a | |||||||
Yes | 2 | 4 | 259 | 3.5 (0.9, 13.8) | 3.1 (1.2, 8.1) | 3.0 (2.6, 3.4) | 0.97 |
No | 63 | 127 | 8590 | ||||
Admission to special care nursery | |||||||
Yes | 6 | 16 | 616 | 9.0 (3.9, 20.7) | 12.0 (7.5, 19.2) | 7.0 (6.5, 7.6) | 0.07 |
No | 59 | 115 | 8236 | ||||
Stillbirthc | |||||||
Yes | 1 | 1 | 39 | 1.5 (0.2, 10.9) | 0.8 (0.1, 5.3) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | 0.41 |
No | 64 | 130 | 8812 |