Table 5 Outcome measurements of each study
First author, year | Type of analyses | LF/HF (ms2) | HF/TP (ms2) | VLF/LF (ms2) | VLF/HF (ms2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May, [47] | Difference in maternal HRV between exercise and control group at gw28, gw32, and gw36 | maternal gw28: exercise: 0.6 ± 0.4 control: 0.85 ± 0.6 (n.s.) | --- | --- | --- |
gw32: exercise: 1.05 ± 0.9 control: 0.77 ± 0.5 (n.s.) | |||||
gw36: exercise: 1.07 ± 1.5 control: 1.2 ± 1.1 (n.s.) | |||||
Van Leeuwen, [41] | Difference in maternal and fetal HRV between exercise and control group | --- | --- | --- | --- |
May, Suminski, [37] | Correlation between continuous and non-continuous maternal LTPA and fetal HRV | --- | --- | --- | --- |
May, Scholtz, [39] | Difference in infant HRV between exercise and control group | infant exercise: 5.02 ± 2.16 control: 5.23 ± 2.24 (n.s.) | --- | --- | --- |
Gustafson, [42] | Difference in fetal HRV between exercise and control group adjusted for fetal breathing | fetala estimate: 0.20; SE: 0.37 (n.s.) | --- | fetala estimate: 0.24; SE: 0.41 (n.s.) | fetala estimate: 0.59; SE: 0.46 (n.s.) |
May, [38] | Correlation between maternal LTPA (intensity, duration) and fetal HRV Regression to predict fetal heart measures | --- | --- | --- | Â |
Stutzman [43] | Within and between group changes from pre (gw20) to post (gw36) for each of the four groups; results are only presented for the HRV outcomes measured in supine position | maternal exercise – NW: gw20: 2.02 ± 1.6 gw36: 3.51 ± 3.16 (n.s.) | maternal exercise – NW: gw20: 0.217 ± 0.15 gw36: 0.187 ± 0.22 (n.s.) | --- | --- |
exercise – OaO: gw20: 1.66 ± 1.1 gw36: 2.08 ± 1.3 (n.s.) | exercise – OaO: gw20: 0.207 ± 0.12 gw36: 0.120 ± 0.06 (n.s.) | ||||
control – NW: gw20: 0.97 ± 0.92 gw36: 2.26 ± 2.1 (n.s.) | control – NW: gw20: 0.396 ± 0.16 gw36: 0.175 ± 0.09 (n.s.) | ||||
control – OaO: gw20: 1.3 ± 1.7 gw36: 2.18 ± 1.3 (n.s.) | control – OaO: gw20: 0.365 ± 0.19 gw36: 0.188 ± 0.19 (n.s.) | ||||
May, [40] | Changes in fetal HRV between exercise and control groups depending on fetal state (active vs. passive) at gw28, gw32, and gw36 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Satyapriya [36] | Changes in maternal HRV pre and during exercise session and pre and post exercise session (acute effects) at gw20 and gw36 (effects over time) Important: differences between maternal HRV measurements at gw20 and gw36 (effects over time) were not reported to be tested for significance | maternal pre (gw20) and post (gw36) intervention | --- | --- | --- |
gw20: exercise pre session: 3.5 ± 0.2 post session: 3.1 ± 1.0 (n.s.) control pre session: 2.9 ± 0.8 post session: 2.8 ± 1.2 (n.s.) | |||||
gw36: exercise pre session: 3.5 ± 0.8 post session: 2.8 ± 0.8 (p = 0.001) control pre session: 3.2 ± 0.9 post session: 2.6 ± 0.9 (p = 0.001) |