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Table 2 Underlying causes and contributory factors of potentially life-threatening conditions (PLTC) and severe maternal outcomesa

From: Maternal Near Miss and quality of care in a rural Rwandan hospital

 

Women with PLTC

MNM

Maternal deaths

MNMR/1000 live birth

Mortality index

332 (%)

86 (%)

13 (%)

 

(%)

Underlying causesb

 Severe hemorrhage

134 (40.4)

49 (57)

3 (23.1)

12.3 (9.2–16.1)

5.8 (1.5–15.7)

  Abortion

33 (9.9)

7 (8.1)

0 (0)

  

  Ectopic

21 (6.3)

13 (15.2)

0 (0)

  

  Molar

4 (1.2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

  

  Placental abruption

10 (3.0)

4 (4.6)

0 (0)

  

  Placenta Previa

17 (5.1)

6 (7.0)

0 (0)

  

  Postpartum Hemorrhage

49 (14.8)

19 (22.1)

3 (23.1)

  

 Hypertensive disorders

93 (28.0)

27 (31.4)

4 (30.7)

6.8 (4.6–9.7)

13 (4.1–31.1)

  Severe Pre-eclampsia

40 (43.0)

7 (8.1)

0 (0)

 

  Eclampsia

53 (57.0)

20 (23.3)

4 (30.7)

  

 Pregnancy related infectionsc

40 (12.1)

0 (0)

2 (15.4)

 

 Sepsis/peritonitis post-cesarean

38 (11.4)

4 (4.7)

2 (15.4)

1.0 (0.3–2.4)

33.3 (5.6–110.1)

 Unanticipated complications of managementd

0 (0)

2 (2.3)

1 (7.7)

0.5 (0.1–1.7)

14.3 (1.6–164.4)

 Coincidental conditionse

2 (0.6)

0 (0)

0 (0.0)

 

 Unknown

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (7.7)

 

 Other obstetric complicationsf

16 (4.8)

4 (4.7)

 

 

Associated conditions

 Anemia

73 (22)

21 (24.4)

4 (30.8)

5.3 (3.3–7.9)

16.0 (5.1–38.6)

 HIV

16 (4.8)

8 (9.3)

2 (15.4)

2.0 (0.9–3.8)

20.0 (3.3–66.1)

 Previous CS

22 (6.6)

12 (14)

1 (7.7)

3.0 (1.6–5.1)

7.7 (0.3–37.9)

 Prolonged/obstructed Labor

5 (1.5)

5 (5.8)

1 (7.7)

1.3 (0.5–2.8)

16.7 (0.8–82.2)

 Lack of medical Insurance

28 (8.4)

23 (26.7)

4 (30.8)

5.8 (3.7–8.5)

14.8 (4.7–35.7)

  1. aValues given as number (percentages)
  2. bOne woman could have experienced more than one cause
  3. cPyelonephritis (12 PLTC), Hyperemesis (10 PLTC), Choriamnionitis (8 PLTC), Endometritis (8 PLTC), severe malaria (2 PLTC, 1 MD), HIV encephalopathy (1 MD)
  4. dIatrogenic complications (2 MNM, 1 MD)
  5. eRoad traffic accident, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (2 PLTC)
  6. fAsthmatic crisis (6 PLTC), Herbal intoxication (4 PLTC), Epilepsy (3 PLTC, 1 MNM), Unknown cause of Jaundice (2 PLTC), Blood transfusion reaction (1 PLTC, 1MNM), Peripartum cardiomyopathy (2 MNM)