Table 2 Odds ratios [95 % confidence intervals] for gestational diabetes mellitus by Bavarian Index of Multiple Deprivation (BIMD) quintile in 2008 and 2014 (based on n = 81,129 and n = 92,589 observations, respectively) as categorical variables, and by maternal obesity, age, migration background and single mother status, both crude and mutually adjusted

Quintile 1 (least deprived)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Quintile 2

0.99 [0.85, 1.15]

0.99 [0.85, 1.15]

0.92 [0.80, 1.06]

0.93 [0.81, 1.08]

Quintile 3

0.97 [0.86, 1.10]

0.92 [0.81, 1.04]

1.12 [1.001, 1.24]

1.07 [0.95, 1.20]

Quintile 4

1.04 [0.90, 1.19]

1.01 [0.88, 1.16]

1.06 [0.94, 1.20]

1.09 [0.96, 1.24]

Quintile 5 (most deprived)

0.79 [0.70, 0.90]

0.76 [0.66, 0.86]

1.07 [0.96, 1.19]

1.05 [0.93, 1.18]

Maternal obesity

3.07 [2.81, 3.35]

3.19 [2.92, 3.49]

3.53 [3.28, 3.80]

3.71 [3.43, 4.00]

Maternal age ≥35 years

1.54 [1.42, 1.67]

1.56 [1.44, 1.69]

1.64 [1.53, 1.75]

1.69 [1.57, 1.82]

Migration background

1.44 [1.32, 1.56]

1.52 [1.39, 1.67]

1.60 [1.49, 1.71]

1.68 [1.55, 1.82]

Single mother status

1.56 [1.34, 1.81]

1.46 [1.25, 1.71]

1.31 [1.14, 1.50]

1.27 [1.10, 1.46]