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Table 1 Pre-pregnancy characteristics of the study participants by smoking status

From: Are women who quit smoking at high risk of excess weight gain throughout pregnancy?

Maternal characteristics

Women who never smoked

(N = 405)

Women who quit smoking

(N = 61)

Women who continued to smoke

(N = 43)

P-valuea

Age (years), mean (SD)

31.3 (5.0)

28.8 (6.3)

27.0 (4.5)

< .001

Education (%)

   

< .001

 High school or less

8.4

27.9

48.8

 

 Community college or some university

43.2

54.1

41.9

 

 At least bachelor’s degree

48.4

18.0

9.3

 

Household income (%)

   

< .001

 Less than $20,000

5.9

16.4

25.6

 

 $20,000–$80,000

33.9

49.2

34.9

 

 Over $80,000

47.8

24.6

16.3

 

 Preferred not to answer

12.4

9.8

23.3

 

Married, common-law or living with partner (%)

93.8

80.3

65.1

< .001

Caucasian (%)

78.2

88.5

85.7

.12

Nulliparous (%)

45.0

61.7

31.7

.01

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

25.7 (5.5)

25.5 (6.6)

27.0 (7.2)

.26

BMI class (%)

   

.03

 Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2)

3.0

1.6

7.0

 

 Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2)

51.6

62.3

44.2

 

 Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2)

26.4

24.6

14.0

 

 Obese (≥30.0 kg/m2)

19.0

11.5

34.9

 
  1. Abbreviation(s): BMI body mass index
  2. aP values were calculated with ANOVA for continuous variables and with Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables