Determinants of institutional birth among women in rural Nepal: a mixed-methods cross-sectional study

Table 1 Characteristics of the study samples: Comparison of institutional versus home births

Characteristic	Institutional Birth (n = 39, 40 %)	Home Birth (n = 57, 60 %)	P-Value
Age, years, mean (SD)	24 (6)	25 (4)	0.61
Distance from district hospital, hours, median (IQR)	2 (1, 2.9)	2 (1.5, 2)	0.33
Monthly household income, Nepali Rupees, median (IQR)	5000 (3000, 10000)	200 (0, 3250)	0.02
Land, Ropani^a, median (IQR)	3 (1, 7.5)	5 (2, 12)	0.06
Caste, number (%)
Dalit	15 (37)	26 (46)	0.37
Literacy, number (%)
Literate	30 (73)	28 (49)	0.02
Parity, number (%)
Primiparity	16 (39)	13 (23)	0.08
Antenatal care, number (%)
Adequate^b	30 (73)	39 (68)	0.61
Birth decision making, number (%)
Self alone	14 (34)	17 (30)	0.69
Presence of father of baby, number (%)
Present	31 (76)	30 (53)	0.02

^aRopani is a commonly used unit in Nepal to measure land and is equal to 508.72 m²
^bDefined as at least 4 antenatal care visits, per Nepali Government guidelines

ISSN: 1471-2393