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Table 2 Logistic regression results for factors associated with attending at least one skilled ANC visit

From: Coverage and timing of antenatal care among poor women in 6 Mesoamerican countries

 

Guatemala

Honduras

Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

El Salvador

Married

0.91

[0.64,1.30]

1.08

[0.66,1.79]

1.10

[0.69,1.74]

0.70

[0.20,2.52]

0.71

[0.37,1.37]

0.97

[0.39,2.41]

Parity (ref: 1st child)

 2nd-3rd child

0.61**

[0.46,0.82]

1.10

[0.59,2.06]

1.30

[0.87,1.93]

0.57

[0.21,1.58]

1.18

[0.46,3.04]

0.73

[0.26,2.04]

 4th-5th child

0.62*

[0.42,0.91]

0.90

[0.46,1.76]

0.80

[0.54,1.19]

0.62

[0.16,2.35]

1.07

[0.41,2.79]

0.18**

[0.05,0.62]

 6th + child

1.06

[0.68,1.67]

0.63

[0.27,1.49]

0.76

[0.49,1.19]

0.24

[0.04,1.38]

0.97

[0.39,2.39]

0.40

[0.07,2.14]

Age (ref: <20)

 20–34

2.41***

[1.66,3.49]

0.96

[0.49,1.89]

1.11

[0.74,1.65]

1.21

[0.33,4.49]

0.86

[0.36,2.05]

1.69

[0.47,6.08]

  > =35

2.42***

[1.52,3.87]

1.25

[0.47,3.38]

1.45

[0.88,2.39]

1.41

[0.32,6.27]

2.43

[0.89,6.69]

1.82

[0.35,9.56]

Education (ref: None)

 Primary

1.89***

[1.41,2.54]

1.86

[0.89,3.88]

1.53**

[1.13,2.07]

2.50

[1.00,6.28]

1.92

[1.00,3.70]

1.84

[0.63,5.34]

 Post-primary

2.92***

[2.03,4.21]

4.50**

[1.57,12.87]

2.58***

[1.72,3.89]

6.68**

[2.04,21.86]

2.24*

[1.02,4.89]

1.27

[0.31,5.24]

 Female head of household

0.90

[0.61,1.32]

1.02

[0.62,1.70]

1.39

[0.86,2.27]

0.60

[0.24,1.52]

1.30

[0.68,2.47]

1.66

[0.62,4.45]

 Urban

2.07***

[1.39,3.09]

1.40

[0.68,2.89]

1.17

[0.79,1.72]

1.78

[0.29,10.87]

(all rural)

0.99

[0.37,2.67]

Relative household expenditure per capita (ref: 1st quintile)

 2nd quintile

0.96

[0.62,1.49]

0.88

[0.50,1.53]

1.19

[0.85,1.67]

0.49

[0.17,1.41]

1.14

[0.36,3.65]

2.26

[0.83,6.13]

 3rd quintile

1.15

[0.72,1.84]

0.75

[0.39,1.45]

1.27

[0.87,1.84]

0.98

[0.25,3.78]

1.01

[0.35,2.90]

1.35

[0.52,3.56]

 4th quintile

0.97

[0.64,1.45]

1.31

[0.73,2.37]

1.49*

[1.05,2.11]

0.31

[0.08,1.23]

0.80

[0.25,2.58]

2.83

[0.96,8.38]

 5th quintile

1.59*

[1.02,2.47]

3.35**

[1.52,7.37]

2.47***

[1.52,4.02]

0.39

[0.10,1.56]

0.87

[0.27,2.87]

2.96

[0.88,9.97]

 Owns mobile phone

1.37*

[1.04,1.81]

1.66*

[1.07,2.56]

1.33

[0.93,1.91]

0.93

[0.36,2.42]

1.31

[0.75,2.29]

1.77

[0.79,3.98]

 Pregnancy was wanted

1.03

[0.73,1.47]

0.84

[0.51,1.39]

0.95

[0.68,1.31]

1.62

[0.72,3.62]

  

0.86

[0.34,2.13]

 Reported vaginal bleeding

1.5

[0.91,2.49]

0.67

[0.33,1.39]

1.37

[0.91,2.07]

1

[1.00,1.00]

0.62

[0.30,1.30]

0.61

[0.16,2.33]

 Previous complications

1

[0.71,1.41]

1.28

[0.75,2.19]

0.89

[0.58,1.37]

1.19

[0.40,3.49]

0.97

[0.40,2.35]

1.94

[0.50,7.57]

 CHW in the past month

0.75

[0.47,1.20]

1.64

[0.86,3.11]

1.44

[0.98,2.10]

0.34

[0.03,3.71]

0.7

[0.25,1.92]

1.37

[0.59,3.18]

 Media in the past week

1.65**

[1.20,2.27]

0.56*

[0.32,0.97]

0.91

[0.70,1.17]

1.22

[0.49,3.06]

1.21

[0.70,2.08]

0.68

[0.23,2.01]

Time to health facility (ref: <15 min)

 15–<30 min

1.11

[0.80,1.54]

0.9

[0.46,1.77]

1.21

[0.86,1.70]

0.34

[0.06,1.81]

0.77

[0.29,2.08]

0.19*

[0.04,0.87]

 30–<60 min

1.26

[0.89,1.79]

0.83

[0.45,1.50]

1.11

[0.74,1.64]

0.36

[0.07,1.92]

1.12

[0.41,3.07]

0.23

[0.05,1.15]

 60+ minutes

0.81

[0.54,1.22]

0.81

[0.46,1.43]

1.29

[0.74,2.25]

0.29

[0.05,1.49]

0.46

[0.20,1.08]

0.22

[0.04,1.09]

 Insured

1.60*

[1.09,2.36]

0.83

[0.07,9.69]

1.92***

[1.43,2.57]

0.86

[0.08,8.83]

0.94

[0.29,3.10]

1.08

[0.20,5.75]

Languages spoken in household (ref: Spanish only)

 Spanish and indigenous

0.97

[0.73,1.30]

  

0.42***

[0.27,0.65]

0.46

[0.07,3.05]

1.64

[0.22,12.26]

  

 Indigenous only

0.7

[0.37,1.33]

  

0.33***

[0.18,0.61]

  

1.28

[0.16,10.30]

  

 Oportunidades

    

1.52**

[1.12,2.07]

      
  1. Bold text indicates results that are statistically significant in terms of the following: *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001