Table 1 Indications of color Doppler findings in fetal cardiac screening
From: Identification of fetal cardiac anatomy and hemodynamics: a novel enhanced screening protocol
Abnormal blood flow patterns | Indications |
|---|---|
Suggest vavular structural anomalies | |
High velocity blood flow detected at atrioventricular/semilunar valves | Valvular stenosis |
Severe TR but with low velocity | Tricuspid valve dysplasia or Ebstein’s anomaly |
Non-restrictive pulmonary regurgitation, combined with dilated MPA, LPA, and RPA | Absent pulmonary valve syndrome |
Suggest an indirect sign | |
MR with high velocity | Aortic valve stenosis/atresia |
TR with high velocity | Pulmonary valve stenosis/atresia; premature closure of the ductus |
Antegrade flow in the DA and retrograde flow in the aorta at 3VT | Aortic valve atresia or COA |
Antegrade flow in the aorta and retrograde flow in the DA at 3VT | Pulmonary valve stenosis/atresia |