Table 1 Prevalence and predictors of a negative labour and birth experience based on a national survey of Canadian women
From: Predictors of a negative labour and birth experience based on a national survey of Canadian women
Predictors | Sample size N a | Negative experience | Unadjusted odds ratio | Adjusted odds ratio | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N b (%) | ORc | (95Â % CI)c | ORc | (95Â % CI)c | ||
Maternal Demographics | ||||||
Age (years) | ||||||
  <20 | 188 | 22 (11.5) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  20–29 | 2941 | 238 (8.1) | 0.68 | 0.46–1.00 | 1.42 | 0.84–2.40 |
  30–39 | 3033 | 306 (10.1) | 0.86 | 0.59–1.27 | 1.90 | 1.08–3.34 |
  > = 40 | 189 | 20 (10.5) | 0.91 | 0.48–1.73 | 2.29 | 1.03–5.07 |
Urban-rural residence | ||||||
  Rural area | 1100 | 84 (7.6) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Urban, population ≤499,999 | 2282 | 222 (9.7) | 1.31 | 1.01–1.70 | 1.25 | 0.94–1.65 |
  Urban, population ≥500,000 | 2781 | 259 (9.3) | 1.25 | 0.95–1.63 | 1.22 | 0.91–1.65 |
Immigration to Canada | ||||||
  No | 4960 | 448 (9.0) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 1396 | 141 (10.1) | 1.13 | 0.91–1.42 | 1.05 | 0.80–1.39 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
  Non-Aboriginal | 6087 | 563 (9.3) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Aboriginal | 267 | 25 (9.4) | 1.01 | 0.68–1.52 | 0.82 | 0.51–1.31 |
Level of education | ||||||
  High school or less | 1321 | 129 (9.8) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Some postsecondary education | 2752 | 241 (8.7) | 0.88 | 0.70–1.11 | 0.89 | 0.68–1.16 |
  Undergraduate education | 1626 | 154 (9.5) | 0.96 | 0.75–1.24 | 0.91 | 0.67–1.25 |
  Graduate education | 623 | 63 (10.1) | 1.03 | 0.74–1.43 | 1.01 | 0.68–1.49 |
Partner/Significant other | ||||||
  No | 528 | 57 (10.7) | 1.20 | 0.90–1.60 | 1.08 | 0.76–1.53 |
  Yes | 5832 | 532 (9.1) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Maternal Health Characteristics | ||||||
Moms perceived health | ||||||
  Excellent/very good | 4628 | 381 (8.2) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Good | 1413 | 156 (11.1) | 1.39 | 1.13–1.69 | 1.24 | 0.98–1.56 |
  Poor/Fair | 340 | 53 (15.6) | 2.07 | 1.50–2.84 | 1.95 | 1.36–2.80 |
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy | ||||||
  No | 5705 | 520 (9.1) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 667 | 69 (10.4) | 1.15 | 0.88–1.51 | 1.00 | 0.72–1.40 |
Alcohol use during pregnancy | ||||||
  No | 5681 | 546 (9.6) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 664 | 44 (6.6) | 0.66 | 0.47–0.92 | 0.69 | 0.48–1.00 |
Drug use during pregnancy | ||||||
  No | 6307 | 582 (9.2) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 59 | 7 (11.7) | 1.31 | 0.54–3.16 | 1.38 | 0.53–3.59 |
Work during pregnancy | ||||||
  No | 1966 | 183 (9.3) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 4392 | 406 (9.2) | 0.99 | 0.82–1.21 | 1.02 | 0.81–1.28 |
Experienced violence within last 2Â years | ||||||
  No | 5657 | 494 (8.7) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 693 | 92 (13.2) | 1.59 | 1.24–2.05 | 1.62 | 1.21–2.18 |
Pregnancy-Related Characteristics | ||||||
Number of past pregnancies | ||||||
  None | 2890 | 305 (10.6) | 1.34 | 1.12–1.60 | 1.11 | 0.86–1.45 |
  1 or more | 3474 | 282 (8.1) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Attended prenatal classes | ||||||
  No | 4295 | 359 (8.4) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 2085 | 231 (11.1) | 1.37 | 1.14–1.64 | 1.36 | 1.06–1.76 |
Intended status of pregnancy | ||||||
  Then or Sooner | 4622 | 403 (8.7) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Later or Not at all | 1713 | 182 (10.6) | 1.24 | 1.02–1.51 | 1.30 | 1.03–1.63 |
Health problems during pregnancy | ||||||
  No | 4821 | 401 (8.3) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 1556 | 188 (12.1) | 1.51 | 1.25–1.82 | 1.43 | 1.16–1.76 |
Birth Characteristics | ||||||
Type of birth | ||||||
  Vaginal | 4708 | 366 (7.8) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Caesarean | 1676 | 224 (13.4) | 1.83 | 1.52–2.21 | 1.65 | 1.32–2.06 |
Birth setting | ||||||
  Hospital/clinic | 6250 | 585 (9.4) | 2.61 | 0.76–9.01 | 1.75 | 0.50–6.10 |
  Birthing centre/private/other | 134 | 5 (3.8) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Care provided was in language understood | ||||||
  No | 183 | 27 (14.8) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 6170 | 561 (9.1) | 1.13 | 0.93–1.38 | 1.21 | 0.96–1.51 |
Had to travel elsewhere for birth | ||||||
  No | 4744 | 426 (9.0) | 1.74 | 1.09–2.77 | 1.41 | 0.78–2.58 |
  Yes | 1637 | 165 (10.1) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Healthcare provider attended birth | ||||||
  Family doctor | 5447 | 505 (9.3) | 1.22 | 0.92–1.61 | 0.95 | 0.71–1.28 |
  Other | 792 | 61 (7.8) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
Baby in intensive/special care unit | ||||||
  No | 5563 | 484 (8.7) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
  Yes | 810 | 105 (12.9) | 1.56 | 1.23–1.96 | 1.40 | 1.08–1.82 |