Table 1 Prevalence of birth defects in Korea, 2009–2010
From: Increased prevalence of some birth defects in Korea, 2009–2010
Birth Defects (ICD-10) | Number of cases | Proportion (%) in birth defect | Prevalence per 10,000 | 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Nervous system (Q00–07) | 631 | 2.85 | 15.6 | 14.5 to 16.9 |
Anencephaly (Q00–002) | 4 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.03 to 0.3 |
Spina bifida (Q05.0–05.9) | 311 | 1.4 | 7.7 | 6.9 to 8.6 |
Encephalocele (Q01.0–01.9) | 28 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.5 to 1.0 |
Microcephaly (Q02) | 122 | 0.6 | 3.0 | 2.5 to 3.6 |
Holoprosencephaly (Q04.0–04.2) | 53 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 to 1.7 |
Congenital hydrocephalus (Q03.0–03.9) | 113 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 2.3 to 3.4 |
Eye, ear, face and neck (Q10–18) | 241 | 1.1 | 6.0 | 5.2 to 6.8 |
Anophthalmos (Q11.0–11.1) | 1 | 0.005 | 0.02 | 0.001 to 0.1 |
Microphthalmos (Q11.2) | 18 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 to 0.7 |
Congenital cataract (Q12.0) | 57 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 1.1 to 1.8 |
Absence of iris (Q13.1) | 5 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.04 to 0.3 |
Congenital glaucoma (Q15.0) | 29 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.5 to 1.0 |
Congenital absence of auricle (Q16.0) | 16 | 0.07 | 0.4 | 0.2 to 0.6 |
Microtia (Q17.2) | 115 | 0.5 | 2.9 | 2.4 to 3.4 |
Circulatory system (Q20–28) | 9768 | 44.2 | 242.2 | 237.5 to 247.1 |
Common atrial trunk (Q20.0) | 10 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.1 to 0.5 |
Translocation of great vessels (Q20.3) | 72 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 1.4 to 2.2 |
Single ventricle (Q20.4) | 45 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.5 |
Tetralogy of fallot (Q21.3) | 167 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 3.5 to 4.8 |
Ventricular septal defect (Q21.0) | 2536 | 11.5 | 62.9 | 60.5 to 65.4 |
Atrial septal defect (Q21.1) | 4756 | 21.5 | 117.9 | 114.6 to 121.3 |
Pulmonary valve atresia/stenosis (Q22.0–22.1) | 332 | 1.5 | 8.2 | 7.4 to 9.2 |
Tricuspid atresia/stenosis (Q22.4) | 8 | 0.04 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.4 |
Ebstein’s anomaly (Q22.5) | 25 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 to 0.9 |
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (Q23.4) | 10 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.1 to 0.5 |
Patent ductus arteriosus (Q25.0)ca | 1617 | 7.3 | 40.1 | 38.2 to 42.1 |
Coarctation of aorta (Q25.1) | 112 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 2.3 to 3.3 |
Aortic valve atresia/stenosis (Q23.0) | 37 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.3 |
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (Q26.2) | 41 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.4 |
Respiratory system (Q30–34) | 750 | 3.4 | 18.6 | 17.3 to 20.0 |
Choanal atresia (Q30.0) | 17 | 0.08 | 0.4 | 0.2 to 0.7 |
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (Q36.0–37.9) | 330 | 1.49 | 8.2 | 7.3 to 9.1 |
Cleft palate without cleft lip (Q35.1–35.9 | 403 | 1.8 | 10.0 | 9.0 to 11.0 |
Digestive system (Q38–45) | 994 | 4.5 | 24.7 | 23.1 to 26.2 |
Oesophagus atresia with or without fistula (Q39–39.1) | 66 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 to 2.1 |
Anorectal atresia/stenosis (Q42.0–42.3) | 241 | 1.1 | 6.0 | 5.2 to 6.8 |
Small intestine atresia/stenosis (Q41.0–41.9) | 142 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 3.0 to 4.2 |
Duodenal atresia /stenosis (Q41) | 56 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 1.0 to 1.8 |
Other small intestine atresia/stenosis (Q41.1–41.9) | 86 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 1.7 to 2.6 |
Hirschsprung’s disease (Q43.1) | 311 | 1.4 | 7.7 | 6.9 to 8.6 |
Atresia of bile ducts (Q44.2) | 86 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 1.7 to 2.6 |
Annular pancreas (Q45.1) | 6 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.05 to 0.3 |
Genital organs (Q50–56) | 1631 | 7.4 | 40.4 | 38.5 to 42.5 |
Undescended testis (Q53–53.9)b | 1174 | 5.3 | 29.1 | 27.5 to 30.8 |
Hypospadias (Q54–54.9) | 401 | 1.8 | 9.9 | 9.0 to 11.0 |
Epispadias (Q64.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Indeterminate sex (Q56–56.4) | 56 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 1.0 to 1.8 |
Urinary system (Q60–64) | 3619 | 16.4 | 89.7 | 86.8 to 92.7 |
Renal agenesis (Q60.0–60.6) | 112 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 2.3 to 3.3 |
Extrophy of urinary bladder (Q64.1) | 1 | 0.005 | 0.02 | 0.001 to 0.1 |
Renal dysplasid (Q61.4) | 36 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.2 |
Cystic kidney (Q61.0–61.9) | 280 | 1.3 | 6.9 | 6.2 to 7.8 |
Obstructive genitourinary defect (Q62.0–62.8, Q64.3) | 1860 | 8.4 | 46.1 | 44.1 to 48.3 |
Congenital hydronephrosis (Q62.0) | 1330 | 6.0 | 33.0 | 31.2 to 34.8 |
Musculoskeletal system (Q65–79) | 4261 | 19.3 | 105.7 | 102.5 to 108.9 |
Reduction deformity, upper limbs (Q71.0–71.9) | 20 | 0.09 | 0.5 | 0.3 to 0.8 |
Reduction deformity, lower limbs (Q72,0–72.9) | 42 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.4 |
Total limb reduction defects (Q71.0–71.9, Q72.0–72.9, Q73.0–73.8) | 66 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.2 to 2.1 |
Congenital hip dislocation (Q65.0–65.9) | 2473 | 11.2 | 61.3 | 58.9 to 63.8 |
Club foot–talipes equinovarus (Q66.0) | 87 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 1.7 to 2.7 |
Diaphragmatic hernia (Q79.0) | 52 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 to 1.7 |
Polydactyly (Q69.0–69.9) | 620 | 2.8 | 15.4 | 14.2 to 16.6 |
Syndactyly (Q70.0–70.9) | 365 | 1.7 | 9.1 | 8.1 to 10.0 |
Arthrogrypposis multiplex congenital (Q74.3) | 22 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 to 0.8 |
Craniosynostosis (Q75.0) | 387 | 1.8 | 9.6 | 8.7 to 10.6 |
Jeunes syndrome (Q77.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Achondroplasia/Hypochondroplasia (Q77.4) | 27 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 to 1.0 |
Omphalocele (Q79.2) | 88 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 1.8 to 2.7 |
Gastroschisis (Q79.3) | 12 | 0.05 | 0.30 | 0.2 to 0.5 |
Chromosomal abnormalities (Q90–99) | 216 | 1.0 | 5.4 | 4.7 to 6.1 |
Trisomy 13 (Q91.4–91.7) | 1 | 0.005 | 0.02 | 0.001 to 0.1 |
Trisomy 18 (Q91.0–91.3) | 5 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.04 to 0.3 |
Down’s syndrome (Q90.0–90.9) | 189 | 0.9 | 4.7 | 4.0 to 5.4 |
Turner’s syndrome (Q96.0–96.9) | 7 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.4 |
Kleinfelter’s syndrome (Q98.0–98.4) | 7 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.4 |
Wolff-Hirschron syndrome (Q93.3) | 1 | 0.005 | 0.02 | 0.001 to 0.1 |
Cri-du-chat syndrome (Q93.4) | 6 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.05 to 0.3 |
Total | 22,111 | 100 | 548.3 | 541.1 to 555.6 |