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Table 3 In what cases/how were care policies implemented

From: A cross-sectional survey of policies guiding second stage labor in urban Japanese hospitals, clinics and midwifery birth centers

Variables

n (%)

Perineal disinfection (n=217)

 washing away by antiseptic solution

152 (59.6)

 spread antiseptic solution on perineum

60 (23.5)

 washing away by sterilized water

10 (3.9)

 washing away by tap water

4 (1.6)

 not stated

1

Episiotomy for primipara (n=137)*

 severe distress of the fetus

129 (94.2)

 prospect of severe perineal injury

120 (87.6)

 vacuum/forceps delivery

111 (81.0)

 others

5 (3.6)

Episiotomy for multipara (n=166)*

 severe distress of the fetus

149 (89.8)

 prevent severe perineal injury

140 (84.3)

 vacuum/forceps delivery

132 (79.5)

 others

7 (4.2)

Fundal pressure (n=182)*

 lower fetal heart beat

117 (64.3)

 poor fetus descent

108 (59.3)

 vacuum/forceps delivery

99 (54.4)

 stricture in area of maternal pelvic outlet

58 (31.9)

 prolonged labour

52 (28.6)

 others

18 (9.9)

Hands and knees position for correcting fetal abnormal rotation (n=149)

 depends on women’s request

98 (66.7)

 15–29 min

15 (10.2)

 30–59 min

28 (19.0)

 more than 1 h

6 (4.1)

 not stated

2

  1. *multiple responses