Maternal cortisol and stress are associated with birth outcomes, but are not affected by lipid-based nutrient supplements during pregnancy: an analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi

Stewart, Christine P.; Oaks, Brietta M.; Laugero, Kevin D.; Ashorn, Ulla; Harjunmaa, Ulla; Kumwenda, Chiza; Chaima, David; Maleta, Kenneth; Ashorn, Per; Dewey, Kathryn G.

doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0793-8

Table 4 Associations between cortisol at each time point during pregnancy with duration of pregnancy and newborn anthropometric indicators

From: Maternal cortisol and stress are associated with birth outcomes, but are not affected by lipid-based nutrient supplements during pregnancy: an analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi

	Crude^a		Model 1^a,b		Model 2^a,c
	β (95 % CI)	p-value	β (95 % CI)	p-value	β (95 % CI)	p-value
Duration of pregnancy, wk
Baseline	−0.05 (−0.10, 0.01)	0.086	−0.05 (−0.10, −0.01)	0.015	−0.05 (−0.09, −0.002)	0.039
28 wk	−0.02 (−0.06, 0.03)	0.528	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.02)	0.305	−0.02 (−0.07, 0.02)	0.343
36 wk	−0.05 (−0.08, −0.02)	0.002	−0.04 (−0.07, −0.002)	0.032	−0.04 (−0.07, −0.002)	0.037
Birth weight, g
Baseline	−0.08 (−0.14, −0.02)	0.007	−0.08 (−0.14, −0.02)	0.013	−0.06 (−0.12, 0.01)	0.066
28 wk	−0.05 (−0.12, 0.02)	0.189	−0.09 (−0.17, −0.02)	0.013	−0.08 (−0.16, −0.01)	0.035
36 wk	−0.10 (−0.16, −0.04)	0.0005	−0.11 (−0.18, −0.04)	0.002	−0.11 (−0.18, −0.04)	0.003
Newborn WAZ
Baseline	−0.04 (−0.10, 0.02)	0.143	−0.04 (−0.10, 0.03)	0.265	−0.01 (−0.07, 0.05)	0.412
28 wk	−0.03 (−0.10, 0.03)	0.328	−0.06 (−0.13, 0.02)	0.129	−0.04 (−0.11, 0.03)	0.319
36 wk	−0.05 (−0.11, 0.01)	0.097	−0.05 (−0.12, 0.02)	0.174	−0.04 (−0.11, 0.03)	0.284
Newborn LAZ
Baseline	−0.04 (−0.10, 0.02)	0.163	−0.06 (−0.12, 0.01)	0.088	−0.04 (−010, 0.03)	0.255
28 wk	−0.04 (−0.11, 0.02)	0.204	−0.06 (−0.13, 0.01)	0.111	−0.04 (−0.12, 0.03)	0.580
36 wk	−0.05 (−0.11, 0.01)	0.100	−0.02 (−0.10, 0.05)	0.545	−0.01 (−0.08, 0.06)	0.746
Newborn HCZ
Baseline	−0.05 (−0.11, 0.01)	0.095	−0.06 (−0.12, 0.01)	0.089	−0.04 (−0.10, 0.03)	0.273
28 wk	−0.05 (−0.12, 0.02)	0.130	−0.07 (−0.14, 0.01)	0.072	−0.06 (−0.13, 0.02)	0.136
36 wk	−0.07 (−0.13, −0.01)	0.017	−0.07 (−0.14, 0.01)	0.074	−0.06 (−0.14, 0.01)	0.089

^aStandardized regression coefficients, standard errors, and p-values obtained using linear regression models. Data were available for n = 1372, 906, and 1049 women at baseline, 28 wk, and 36 wk, respectively
^bAdjusted for parity (primiparous or multiparous), maternal age, sex of fetus, maternal BMI, education, socio-economic score, study site, season at enrolment, gestational age at enrolment, time between waking and saliva collection, and time between last food or drink (except or water) and saliva collection
^cAdjusted for everything in Model 1, plus AGP and CRP
WAZ, weight-for-age z-score; HCZ, head circumference-for-age z-score

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