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Table 3 Co-morbidities according to nausea in pregnancy and its treatment

From: Treatment of nausea in pregnancy: a cross-sectional multinational web-based study of pregnant women and new mothers

 

Total population

Nausea

Crude OR (95 % CI)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)

Nausea, conventional medicines against nausea

Crude OR (95 % CI)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)

n = 9113 (% of 9113)

n = 6701 (% of 6701)

Nausea vs. No nausea

Nausea vs. No nausea

n = 1201 (% of 1201)

Nausea, conventional medicines against nausea vs. Nausea, no treatmenta

Nausea, conventional medicines against nausea vs. Nausea, no treatmenta

Heartburn or reflux problems

6011 (66.0)

4703 (70.2)

2.0 (1.8-2.1)

2.0 (1.8-2.1) e

908 (75.6)

1.4 (1.2-1.7)

1.4 (1.1-1.7) f

Sleeping problems

5207 (57.1)

4107 (61.3)

1.9 (1.7-2.1)

1.9 (1.8-2.1) e

798 (66.4)

1.3 (1.2-1.5)

1.3 (1.2-1.5) f

Constipation

4757 (52.2)

3686 (55.0)

1.5 (1.4-1.7)

1.5 (1.3-1.7) e

678 (56.5)

1.1 (0.9-1.3)

1.1 (0.9-1.3)f

Headache

5014 (55.0)

3983 (59.4)

2.0 (1.9-2.0)

1.9 (1.8-2.0) e

767 (63.9)

1.3 (1.2-1.3)

1.3 (1.2-1.4) f

Pain in neck, back or pelvic girdle

6227 (68.3)

4798 (71.6)

1.7 (1.5-2.0)

1.7 (1.5-1.9) e

910 (75.8)

1.3 (1.1-1.5)

1.3 (1.1-1.6) f

Any chronic illnessb

2273 (24.9)

1738 (25.9)

1.2 (1.2-1.3)

1.2 (1.2-1.3) e

361 (30.1)

1.2 (1.2-1.3)

1.3 (1.0-1.6) f

≥4 co-morbiditiesc

5257 (57.7)

4245 (63.3)

2.4 (2.2-2.6)

2.3 (2.2-2.5) e

849 (70.7)

1.5 (1.3-1.8)

1.5 (1.3-1.8) f

Sick leave during pregnancy

3956 (43.4)

3001 (44.8)

1.2 (1.0-1.5)

1.3 (1.1-1.6) e

625 (52.0)

1.4 (1.1-2.0)

1.5 (1.1-2.2) f

Pregnant population

n = 4938 (% of 4938)

n = 3762 (% of 3762)

Crude OR (95 % CI)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)

n = 657 (% of 657)

Crude OR (95 % CI)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)

Symptoms of depression during pregnancyd

863 (17.5)

718 (19.1)

1.7 (1.6-1-8)

1.5 (1.4-1.6) g

183 (27.9)

1.9 (1.5-2.3)

1.9 (1.5-2.4) h

  1. Abbreviations: OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval
  2. Significant findings are in bold
  3. aNausea, no treatment: Includes women with nausea not using any of the following treatments against nausea: conventional medicines, herbal medicines, homeopathic medicines and dietary supplements.
  4. bAny chronic illness includes asthma, allergy, hypothyroidism, rheumatic disorders, diabetes, epilepsy, depression, anxiety, cardiovascular diseases, and other
  5. c≥ 4 co-morbidities includes women who reported experiencing more than three of the following disorders during pregnancy: heartburn or reflux problems, constipation, common cold, urinary tract infections, other infections, pain in the neck, back, or pelvic girdle, headache, and sleeping problems.
  6. dOnly women who were pregnant at the time of participating are included (n = 4938). Symptoms of depression were measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Symptoms of depression were defined as an EPDS score of ≥ 13
  7. eAdjusted for age, parity, working status, use of folic acid, and smoking during pregnancy
  8. fAdjusted for age, education, working status, and use of folic acid
  9. gAdjusted for age, parity, working status, smoking during pregnancy, and ≥4 co-morbidities
  10. hAdjusted for education, working status, use of folic acid, multiple pregnancy, and ≥4 co-morbidities
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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