|
Australian-born n = 1341
|
Non-Australian-born n = 1751
|
p
|
---|
Maternal age*
|
28.0 (5.88)
|
30.0 (4.99)
|
<0.0001
|
Teenage pregnancy
|
7.8 %
|
1.5 %
|
<0.0001
|
Pregnancy ≥35 years
|
14.7 %
|
19.0 %
|
0.002
|
Nulliparous
|
28.6 %
|
27.5 %
|
0.52
|
Smoking
|
19.7 %
|
3.0 %
|
<0.0001
|
BMI ≥ 30
|
32.0 %
|
21.4 %
|
<0.0001
|
Gestational Diabetes
|
6.8 %
|
13.7 %
|
<0.0001
|
Instrumental delivery
|
9.6 %
|
12.0 %
|
0.04
|
Caesarean section
|
27.0 %
|
30.0 %
|
0.06
|
Epidural use
|
26.2 %
|
20.2 %
|
<0.0001
|
Episiotomy
|
18.0 %
|
15.5 %
|
0.06
|
- *Mean, SD and t-test, Median, IQ range, Mann–Whitney U