Table 1 Sociodemographic and reproductive health characteristics
Variable | N (%) | Mean EPDS score | SD | Test statistica | DF (One-Way ANOVA) | Mean WHO5 Score | SD | Test Statistica | DF (One-Way ANOVA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | |||||||||
 Urban | 216 (50.1) | 7.72 | 5.28 | -0.689 |  | 16.78 | 5.09 | -0.221 |  |
 Rural | 215 (49.9) | 8.07 | 5.04 |  |  | 16.84 | 4.59 |  |  |
Marital Status | |||||||||
 Married | 419 (97.2) | 7.72 | 5.01 | -4.12** |  | 16.85 | 4.87 | 2.64* |  |
 Not Married | 12 (2.8) | 13.83 | 6.75 |  |  | 14.64 | 2.77 |  |  |
Husband Employed | |||||||||
 Yes | 408 (94.7) | 7.66 | 4.93 | 9.686** | 2 | 16.88 | 4.86 | 1.48 | 2 |
 No | 10 (2.3) | 9.50 | 5.84 |  |  | 15.70 | 5.43 |  |  |
 Not Applicable | 13 (3.0) | 13.77 | 7.15 |  |  | 14.67 | 3.14 |  |  |
Family Classed as Poor | |||||||||
 Yes | 39 (9.2) | 11.00 | 5.36 | 4.004** |  | 14.28 | 5.92 | -3.43* |  |
 No | 387 (90.8) | 7.58 | 5.06 |  |  | 17.04 | 4.65 |  |  |
Paid Maternity Leave | |||||||||
 Yes | 91 (21.1) | 6.97 | 4.43 | -1.93* |  | 18.39 | 5.29 | 3.58** |  |
 No | 340 (78.9) | 8.14 | 5.31 |  |  | 16.37 | 4.63 |  |  |
Food Insecurity (months per year) | |||||||||
 Never | 237 (55.2) | 6.49 | 5.48 | 8.62** | 5 | 17.55 | 4.69 | 3.23* | 5 |
 Every month | 39 (9.0) | 10.46 | 5.04 |  |  | 16.38 | 4.88 |  |  |
 Every 1-3 months | 50 (11.7) | 9.76 | 5.87 |  |  | 15.20 | 5.38 |  |  |
 Every 3-6 months | 49 (11.4) | 9.38 | 5.15 |  |  | 15.45 | 4.85 |  |  |
 Every 6-9 months | 34 (7.9) | 8.79 | 4.86 |  |  | 16.41 | 4.44 |  |  |
 Once a year | 20 (4.6) | 8.9 | 6.12 |  |  | 16.10 | 4.39 |  |  |
Mother’s Occupation | |||||||||
 None | 72 (17.1) | 8.55 | 5.24 | 2.629* | 4 | 16.14 | 4.55 | 7.97** | 4 |
 Unstable manual | 163 (37.9) | 8.56 | 5.45 |  |  | 15.91 | 4.95 |  |  |
 Stable manual | 109 (25.9) | 7.5 | 4.95 |  |  | 16.55 | 3.91 |  |  |
 Professional, no qualifications | 9 (2.1) | 8.00 | 6.34 |  |  | 16.78 | 4.09 |  |  |
 Professional with qualifications | 67 (15.9) | 6.37 | 4.21 |  |  | 19.58 | 4.90 |  |  |
Husband’s Occupation | |||||||||
 None | 15 (3.5) | 11.8 | 7.63 | 5.975** | 4 | 13.93 | 4.58 | 7.35** | 4 |
 Unstable manual | 192 (45.3) | 8.58 | 5.28 |  |  | 15.79 | 4.75 |  |  |
 Stable manual | 132 (31.1) | 7.02 | 4.41 |  |  | 17.39 | 4.26 |  |  |
 Professional, no qualifications | 14 (3.3) | 8.57 | 5.17 |  |  | 15.71 | 5.97 |  |  |
 Professional with qualifications | 71 (16.7) | 7.83 | 4.51 |  |  | 19.21 | 4.74 |  |  |
Parity | |||||||||
 1 | 208 (48.2) | 7.41 | 5.07 | 1.746 | 2 | 17.29 | 4.74 | 2.78 | 2 |
 2 | 120 (27.8) | 8.32 | 4.81 |  |  | 16.64 | 4.52 |  |  |
 ≥ 3 | 103 (23.9) | 8.35 | 5.67 |  |  | 15.94 | 5.30 |  |  |
Birth mode | |||||||||
 Vaginal | 287 (70) | 7.61 | 4.97 | -0.26 |  | 16.65 | 4.44 | -1.79 |  |
 Caesarean section | 123 (30) | 7.78 | 5.16 |  |  | 17.57 | 5.35 |  |  |
Infant diarrhoea | |||||||||
 Yes | 45 (10.5) | 10.76 | 5.73 | 3.96** |  | 15.62 | 4.39 | -1.67 |  |
 No | 383 (89.4) | 7.58 | 4.99 |  |  | 16.89 | 4.87 |  |  |
Infant ARI | |||||||||
 Yes | 46 (10.7) | 9.04 | 6.86 | 1.55 |  | 15.91 | 5.07 | -1.24 |  |
 No | 381 (89.2) | 7.79 | 4.92 |  |  | 16.85 | 4.79 |  |  |
Breastfeeding problems | |||||||||
 Yes | 123 (29.6) | 9.77 | 5.50 | 4.58** |  | 15.63 | 5.14 | -2.83* |  |
 No | 292 (71.3) | 7.29 | 4.83 |  |  | 17.09 | 4.61 |  |  |