| |
Model 1 unadjusted (bivariate)
|
Model 2 adjusted
|
Model 3 final adjusted
|
|---|
|
OR
|
p
|
CI
|
OR
|
p
|
CI
|
OR
|
p
|
CI
|
|---|
|
Independent variable
|
(Ref. = Primary edu)
| | | | | | | | | |
|
Women’s education
|
No education
|
0.355
|
<.001
|
0.303
|
0.415
|
0.888
|
0.199
|
0.741
|
1.064
|
0.972
|
0.758
|
0.809
|
1.167
|
| |
Secondary or above
|
2.064
|
<.001
|
1.457
|
2.922
|
0.994
|
0.978
|
0.659
|
1.501
|
0.937
|
0.759
|
0.616
|
1.423
|
|
Control variables
| | | | | | | | | | |
|
Age at childbirth
| |
1.003
|
0.439
|
0.995
|
1.011
|
1.029
|
<.001
|
1.018
|
1.041
|
1.017
|
0.012
|
1.004
|
1.031
|
|
Household wealth
|
(Ref. = Poorest)
| | | | | | | | | |
| |
Poorer
|
2.476
|
<.001
|
2.165
|
2.833
|
2.275
|
<.001
|
1.982
|
2.612
|
2.183
|
<.001
|
1.900
|
2.508
|
| |
Middle
|
6.927
|
<.001
|
5.927
|
8.097
|
4.547
|
<.001
|
3.84
|
5.384
|
4.273
|
<.001
|
3.604
|
5.067
|
| |
Richer
|
17.985
|
<.001
|
14.295
|
22.627
|
7.584
|
<.001
|
5.890
|
9.765
|
6.740
|
<.001
|
5.220
|
8.702
|
| |
Richest
|
52.422
|
<.001
|
36.208
|
75.896
|
18.721
|
<.001
|
12.88
|
27.22
|
15.978
|
<.001
|
10.944
|
23.327
|
|
Parity
|
(Ref. = 4th or more)
| | | | | | | | | |
| |
First birth
|
2.666
|
<.001
|
2.330
|
3.050
|
2.256
|
<.001
|
1.797
|
2.832
|
1.993
|
<.001
|
1.566
|
2.537
|
| |
Second or third
|
1.535
|
<.001
|
1.370
|
1.719
|
1.274
|
0.002
|
1.091
|
1.489
|
1.153
|
0.093
|
0.977
|
1.360
|
|
Employment
|
(Ref. = not employed)
|
1.095
|
0.115
|
0.978
|
1.225
|
0.788
|
<.001
|
0.694
|
0.894
|
0.797
|
<.001
|
0.703
|
0.904
|
|
Household head
|
(Ref. = not head)
|
1.693
|
<.001
|
1.261
|
2.274
|
1.166
|
0.367
|
0.835
|
1.627
|
1.154
|
0.409
|
0.821
|
1.624
|
|
Urban residence
|
(Ref. = rural)
|
10.066
|
<.001
|
8.594
|
11.790
|
3.032
|
<.001
|
2.526
|
3.640
|
2.854
|
<.001
|
2.377
|
3.426
|
|
Marital relationship
|
(Ref. = monogamous)
| | | | | | | | | |
| |
Polygamous as 1st wife
|
0.630
|
<.001
|
0.533
|
0.744
|
0.772
|
0.006
|
0.641
|
0.929
|
0.814
|
0.030
|
0.676
|
0.980
|
| |
2nd or lower
|
0.648
|
<.001
|
0.567
|
0.741
|
0.733
|
<.001
|
0.630
|
0.853
|
0.764
|
<.001
|
0.656
|
0.889
|
|
Having son(s)
|
(Ref. = no living son)
|
0.565
|
<.001
|
0.509
|
0.627
|
0.858
|
0.051
|
0.736
|
1.000
|
0.868
|
0.071
|
0.743
|
1.012
|
|
Perceived difficulty in accessing health care
|
0.655
|
<.001
|
0.625
|
0.687
|
0.864
|
<.001
|
0.825
|
0.905
|
0.865
|
<.001
|
0.825
|
0.907
|
| |
(scored 0–4)
| | | | | | | | | |
|
Women’s empowerment proxy measures
| | | | | | | | | |
|
Household decision-making power (0–3)
|
1.229
|
<.001
|
1.169
|
1.293
| | | |
1.025
|
0.394
|
0.969
|
1.084
|
|
Perception against violence (0–5)
|
1.306
|
<.001
|
1.271
|
1.342
| | | |
1.091
|
<.001
|
1.059
|
1.124
|
|
Perception for sex negotiation (0–2)
|
1.508
|
<.001
|
1.397
|
1.627
| | | |
1.161
|
<.001
|
1.064
|
1.267
|
|
Age at first marriage
|
1.131
|
<.001
|
1.115
|
1.146
| | | |
1.027
|
0.002
|
1.010
|
1.044
|
|
Intercept (coefficient)
| | | | |
−1.267
|
<.001
| | |
−1.704
|
<.001
| | |
|
Model statistics
| | | | |
|
LR (Chi-square)
| | |
3670.2785
|
3762.405
|
|
Wald (Chi-square)
| | |
1303.6847
|
1325.9176
|
|
DF
| | |
16
|
20
|
|
p
| | |
<.001
|
<.001
|
- Model 1 (simple binary regression model) was assessed by each explanatory variable, and the model statistics of each model are not reported in the table. For the overall association, wald chi-square tests (from Type 3 Analysis of Effects) were assessed with education, wealth, parity, and marital relationship, showing significance at p < .001
